David Icke site BETRAYS AUSTRALIA

There are Two Paths a human may choose: The Path of Torah/Instruction or the Path of Pain.

You have chosen the Path of Pain. This choice of YOURS is based upon ignorance and ego.

YHWHs Torah converts Egoism into Altruism. Which is why I have asked several times if you understood the following core Doctrines of the Bible as taught by the Jews, including Yahshua Messiah/Jesus and His Apostles?

I'll ask again, do you comprehend these Doctrines?

Ahoy!!!! Suze aka 'Tru Lilly'!!!!! today is your lucky day. I'm going to clue you up!!! Your welcome in advance.

#1: You don't know what/who 'satan' is, Judaicly speaking.

#2: You don't know what the Jews actual beliefs or Plans are.
#3: You don't know what Zion means, or what Zionism actually is.

Instead you allowed yourself to be programmed by ignorant, lying haters and in turn you became a lying, ignorant hater.

It's never too late to become informed and to become truthful.

Jews don't believe there is any spiritual force that opposes God (except us). Satan is God's prosecuting attorney." ............While he is indeed a dark and menacing figure (would you want to be in Jack McCoy's sights?), he is still God's agent, just like the other two major mythic and personified 'dark' forces in Jewish tradition, the Malach ha-Mavet and the Yetzer ha-Ra (the Angel of Death and the Evil Desire). All three of these forces are the 'severe' aspect of God's inscrutable will, but part of God's will they are, nonetheless. All of them are subordinate and subservient to the Blessed Holy One.

If anti-Semitism were only an individual psychological phenomenon, it would be similar to other forms of discrimination and hostility; however, in the modern world anti-Semitism takes on a different hue. Various groups have used it for political purposes. We can trace clear attempts to use psychological hostility – which, it seems, has deep religious roots – to forward political aims. Thus, modern anti-Semitism was born, and acquired a more and more tragic and satanic form. The widespread use of this technique began in Czarist Russia, in the struggle to smother those revolutionary attempts that finally toppled the Czarist rule. Through the Czarist secret police, the rulers attempted to identify revolutionary action with the activities of the Jews. The rulers of Czarist Russia fought against certain phenomena, and in this fight they created a kind of equation, which was supposed to prove their claims. The Czarist secret police created one of the documents that became an anti-Semitic classic, "The Protocols of the Elders of Zion." This book reveals the so-called secret plan weaved by the leaders of the Jews, to take over the entire world. "The Protocols of the Elders of Zion" became a holy book among the anti-Semites.

"The Protocols of the Elders of Zion" was simply a rewriting of a French book that attributed ambitions to take over the world to Napoleon. This booklet is called "a dialogue in hell between Machiavelli and Montasque," or "Politics of the Nineteenth Century." These accusations were not at all directed towards the Jews and Judaism. However, the dialogue was adopted and transformed into the protocols of an imaginary group whose members were the world leaders of Judaism, attempting to take over the politics of various European countries.

Even the Czar himself, Nikolai the Second, although far from bearing the Jews any fond feelings, saw that the book was a fake and opposed its publication. Despite this, the first Russian edition appeared in 1905. A number of years later, other editions began to appear. Some of the editions were altered and corrected in order to make it possible to accuse the Jews of various catastrophes that took place between one edition and another. At various opportunities, it became the topic of public court cases, in which the book was proved to be a forgery. However, this of course did not check the book's growing popularity, particularly in the wake of the Nazi influence. The book influenced various writers, who were mistakenly taken in and convinced of its authenticity. Thus, for example, Henry Ford was inspired by "The Protocols of the Elders of Zion" to write "The International Jew," in which he continues these accusations. Various other books were written in its wake until recent years.

This is an example of a lie and forgery that the power of truth could not effectually surmount. This abominable book became a justification of Nazism and the genocide that followed in its wake. This is an example of the phenomena that we must deal with. Forgeries spread throughout the world, and people are convinced.

Pratibha Devisingh Patil
i

true lilly wrote:Indian state
mulls ban on black magic
From correspondents in Mumbai
From: AFP
September 04, 2011 12:21PM

CHANTING to cure snakebites, claiming to be a reincarnated spouse to
obtain sex, and charging for miracles could soon be banned by an Indian
state seeking to stop charlatans preying on the vulnerable.

Many superstitions are widely held in India but a campaign group
is lobbying hard for a new law in the western state of Maharashtra to
outlaw several exploitative activities, with penalties of fines or up
to seven years in jail.

But the push to pass the
Maharashtra Prevention
and Eradication of Human Sacrifice
and Other Inhuman, Evil Practices
and Black Magic Bill
has not received unanimous support.

Some Hindu nationalists fear the legislation seeks to move beyond the
excesses named in its title and might be used to curb cherished religious freedoms.

One right-wing association, the Hindu Janajagruti Samiti, called it
"a draconian law targeting faith",
denounced its proponents as "atheists" and called for supporters to
lobby assembly members to oppose it and demand amendments.

Related Coverage

• Hazare urges anti-graft 'shocks' Herald Sun, 12 hours ago
  
• Mumbai police close on bombers Herald Sun, 16 Jul 2011
  
• Kangan TAFE to capitalise on India's demand for skills The Australian, 11 Jul 2011
  
• Bollywood takes on the censors The Australian, 17 Jun 2011
  
• India's Picasso blended old and new The Australian, 13 Jun 2011
  

The founder and executive president of the Maharashtra Blind Faith
Eradication Committee, which has been calling for a law for the last
two decades, is undeterred and hopes other states will follow suit.

"Superstitions are rampant all over India but at the moment there is
no law which stops this type of activity," Narendra Dabholkar said.

"There are laws against witchcraft but they're limited to a particular type of
witchcraft. This is much wider and more encompassing."

The draft law, supported by Maharashtra's ruling Congress-National Congress Party
coalition, aims to target "quacks and conmen" who exploit widely-held
superstitions and the ignorant, particularly in rural areas.

In May this year,
police said they had foiled
an alleged attempt to abduct and
kill a seven-year-old girl
in a village near Nashik,
northwest of Mumbai,
as part of a ritual
to find hidden treasure.

And last year, a childless couple in a remote village
some 675km east of Mumbai
were arrested for allegedly
killing five young boys
because a religious mystic told them
it would help the woman to conceive.

Practices to be banned by the proposed law include beating a person to exorcise
ghosts or making money by claiming to work miracles.

Treating a dog, snake or scorpion bite with chants instead of medicine, and
seeking sexual favours by claiming to be an incarnation of a holy spirit or
the client's wife or husband in a past life would also be proscribed.

Some critics, however, say the draft law does not go far enough and
has been watered down since it was first mooted way back in 1995
due to protests from pro-Hindu groups.

"In my opinion the bill that has ultimately come into Maharashtra suggests nothing
new. It doesn't give anything additional," said Sanal Edamaruku, president of
the Indian Rationalist Association.

Concerns about the draft law's impact on legitimate religious practices from Hindu
nationalist groups such as the Shiv Sena in Maharashtra and the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) have delayed its passing.

They say it could be used to prevent common Hindu rites like the "havan" ritual,
in which a consecrated fire is lit in the home to chase away evil spirits.

Dabholkar rejects the charge that the bill is anti-religion.

"In the whole of the bill, there's not a single word about God or religion.
Nothing like that. The Indian constitution allows freedom of worship and
nobody can take that away," he said.

"This is about fraudulent and exploitative practices."

For Edamaruku, whose organisation seeks to debunk superstition and promote
scientific reasoning, a new India-wide law against charlatans is vital to build on
the great strides made by the country in recent years.

Continued belief in superstitions and
black magic"will hinder India's
development," he said. "A countrywide law is needed.
We need to fight
against ignorance."

...So, WHY AREN'T WE
ALLOWED TO FIGHT AGAINST
The IGNORANCE of RELIGIONS
that ARE FLOODING INTO AUSTRALIA...

true lilly wrote:Nauru, PNG options illegal - Bowen
Nauru, PNG options illegal - Bowen

10:36AM
AAP
LEGAL advice has ruled out
the offshore processing
of asylum seekers
in PNG and Nauru,
Immigration Minister says.

Immigration Minister Chris Bowen
says he will release the Solicitor-General's report today.
The Daily Telegraph

IMMIGRATION Minister Chris Bowen
says the Solicitor-General has ruled out the offshore processing of
asylum seekers in Papua New Guinea and Nauru as a result of the High
Court decision last week.

He has told the ABC's Insiders program that he will release the Solicitor-General's report later today.

"What that advice tells us is that not only is the Government's declaration
of Malaysia invalid, obviously under the High Court decision, but also
minister (Philip) Ruddock's declarations of Nauru and PNG should also
held to be invalid," Mr Bowen said.

"And that the Solicitor-General and two other senior counsel can have no confidence
that an arrangement with PNG or Nauru is possible under existing law as a
result of this judgment.''

Mr Bowen said the report would shape the Government's future decision making.

"Frankly, it should also inform Mr Abbott's decision because he has incorrectly
stated that there's no implication for Nauru under this judgment and that it simply untrue."<u>

Related Coverage

• Offshore processing ruled out - Minister Herald Sun, 44 minutes ago
  
• Legal advice rejects Nauru, PNG solutions The Australian, 1 hour ago
  
• Abbott puts Nauru deal to Gillard The Australian, 1 day ago
  
• Multiple disaster for Gillard The Australian, 1 day ago
  
• All at sea The Australian, 1 day ago
  

He said the Government needed to work through the options, one of which could be amending the Migration Act.</u>

"Clearly the High Court has interpreted the Migration Act in this way and it
would be open to the Parliament to change the Migration Act to deal with
how the HIgh Court has interpreted it and that's one of the options
that would be available.

"Quite clearly under all the legal advice, if Mr Abbott wanted to go down the
Nauru option he would need legislative change. He would need it on
several bases.

"And what is very clear from the High Court judgment is you could not send
unaccompanied minors in any workable way to Nauru or anywhere else.
That's a significant change."
More to come...
____________________________________________________________

...'reads' like, 'MORE FOREIGN young MEN to COME...
...and We CAN'T STOP THEM...under current law...'

...child soldiers at 12, 14, 17...
COMMITTED TO SPREADING ISLAM...
...still 'minors' when they get here,
where we are, NOT ALLOWED,
By UN PANDERING Law, to
Re-educate them to Understanding,
OUR Nations, Christian Based Ways...

__________________________________________________________________

The rise of
Middle Eastern crime
in Australia
Former NSW detective Tim Priest
was one of the front-line cops
who lead the war against crime
in the drug-ridden streets of Cabramatta.

Yet he found himself waging his biggest battle not against the drug gangs
but against the very organisation he worked for.

Eventually, he could stand it no longer and spoke out
about the politics and bureaucratic bungling,
chronic lack of resources and crazy policy decisions
that seem endemic to the New South Wales Police Service.

For this, he was labelled a 'whistleblower' and ultimately
railroaded out of the force.

Parliamentary enquiries subsequently proved that
Tim Priest had spoken the truth and,
perhaps more shockingly,
that what the newspapers reveal
is merely the tip of the iceberg.

Tim Priest teamed up with academic Richard Basham
to publish a book, To Protect and to Serve.
It is available at all bookstores.

It is required reading for every person
who is concerned about crime in New South Wales
and why the police are afraid of the ethnic gangs.

This article was
first published in the January 2004
issue of Quadrant.

It is re-published here with the permission of Tim Priest.
[url=http://www.australian-news.com.au/The
rise of Middle Eastern crime in Australia.pdf]Download[/url] a
printable version (pdf file 308 Kb)
http://www.australian-news.com.au/Tim_Priest.htm

______________________________________________________

true lilly wrote:Shootings turn quiet streets
into a war zone
Nick O'Malley, Nick Ralston
September 3, 2011

Families are being forced to move out as
drive-by attacks create neighbourhoods of fear,
write Nick O'Malley and Nick Ralston.

The family had fled Afghanistan through Iran five years
ago and built a new life in Sydney. Asieh had finished school at St
Marys and done well. She was studying for a medical science exam when,
about 10 o'clock on June 30, the gunshots broke the night.

It wasn't the first time.

Shots had been fired in Price Street, Merrylands, in May. When the Herald
visited this week, a ''for rent'' sign was on the wooden fence at the
front of Asieh's house. Furniture was on the lawn awaiting removal.

Asieh wouldn't be photographed, nor did she want her full name published.

''You don't expect it to happen in a country like this,'' she said.

Next door, her neighbour, a short woman aged 68 with a worn and friendly face, was watering her olive trees.

She wouldn't be named or photographed either. She seemed resigned to violence in the street.

''I've been here 50 years, I raised my boys here, I'm close to my church, I don't want to go. I don't know what to do.''

She pointed across the road to a new two-storey home.

''Look there, a nice family, two kids, they just built their house and they want to sell it, but no one will buy.''

At night she rolls steel shutters over her front windows.

''I know the bullets can come through but it feels better.''

She is looking forward to summer, when it stays light longer.

People on Price Street are reluctant to use names, but
they know why their street is being shot up. Their neighbour is Wahiba
Ibrahim, the matriarch of the Ibrahim family, which has been the target
in a series of shootings across Sydney over the past 15 months.

The Ryde home of her daughter, Armani Stelio, was
peppered in a drive-by attack in November and two months later there
was a shooting outside Wahiba Ibrahim's Merrylands home.

The shootings followed a series of tattoo parlour
attacks, drive-by shootings and brawls that were believed to be related
to a feud between the gang Notorious, which is associated with the
Ibrahim family, and the Comanchero Motorcycle Club. But police believe
some of the recent drive-by shootings were carried out by members of the
Hells Angels.

Asieh and her parents don't care who is pulling the trigger.

Ten minutes away at Greenacre a mower roars at the back
of a fibro house while a tired-looking woman wearing an apron and
holding a Barbie doll politely but firmly asks to be left alone.

Last Monday night about a dozen shots were fired back

and forth between a pair of cars out the front.

A police media release described the two bullets that slammed into the family home as ''stray''. Little comfort.

Across the road, two doors down live another couple. She is 89, he is 91. They are happy to talk, but will not be named.

They were in their living room when the gunfire started.

''I thought it was firecrackers, but he said it was
guns,'' she says, pointing to her husband, who was about to head off to
the shops. Police have since arrested three people.

Drive-by shootings were not a part of Sydney's crime
culture until the late 1990s, says the former assistant NSW police
commissioner Clive Small.

He says they are a tactic often used by Middle Eastern
crime gangs, whose members often come from cultures where gun ownership
and use is far more common than in Australia.

There were 60 drive-by shootings in Sydney last year, and
70 in 2009. But some local government areas have been suffering
disproportionately.

Since 2007 there have been 29 in Bankstown, 43 in Fairfield and 24 in Auburn.

Each time a thug in a car opens fire they not only
spread fear through a community, they put innocent lives at risk, Small
says.

Bob Knight, 66, was driving his truck past a KFC car park
on Milperra Road when a shootout erupted between rival gangs in June
2009.

He was hit in the head by a ''stray'' bullet and died in his truck cabin.

Arrests tend to slow the number of shootings, Small says, but gangs fill vacuums and the shooting soon breaks out again.

He believes public gun play is a sign of an immature criminal.

''Sadly, it is only going to go away when they get more professional at their business.''

Read more: http://www.smh.com.au/nsw/shootings-turn-quiet-streets-into-a-war-zone-20110902-1jq2f.html#ixzz1WrneTimF

true lilly wrote:Indian state
mulls ban on black magic
From..Mumbai
September 04, 2011 12:21PM
News for India Australia uranium


A testingtime for India - and Australia
Sydney Morning Herald - 1 day ago
India doesn't want or need
to rush in with orders for uranium.
... But post-colonial relations
between India and Australia
quickly became distant, ...

Sell India uranium,
minister says
www.theage.com.au/.../sell-india-uranium-minister-says-20110215-1av4i...
16 Feb 2011 –
''I accept [that our refusal to export uranium]
is a major concern
in an otherwise close strategic relationship
between Australia and India.'' ...
Australian Uranium to India:
Why Australia should sell it to India ...

yadusingh.wordpress.com/.../australian-uranium-to-indiawhy-austral... - Cached
20 Aug 2010 –
Previous Australian Gov led by PM John Howard
did many things to move Australia and India closer.
He declared that he would sell Uranium to ...

Australia's uranium policy
leaves India in the cold -
Radio Australia
www.radioaustralia.net.au/connectasia/stories/201003/s2854696.htm - Cached
24 Mar 2010 –
Australia has created more dismay
over it's attitude to India,
after
approving uranium sales to Russia
but...

India | uranium |
Nuclear Non Proliferation Treaty |
Julie Bishop
www.smh.com.au/.../our-relationship-with-india-should-be-about-more-tha...
4 Feb 2010 –
It is not in Australia's national interest,
first because it sends a message to India that
Australia doesn't trust it
to be a recipient of our uranium, ...

Uranium backflip
The Australian
www.theaustralian.com.au/news/uranium.../story-e6frg72o-111111533363...
17 Jan 2008 –
Not selling to India is purely dogmatic. ...

Why Australia should
sell uranium to India -
On Line Opinion - 23/8 ...
www.onlineopinion.com.au/view.asp?article=6274 - Cached
23 Aug 2007 –
Australian refusal to supply uranium to India
would be a short-sighted move
to preserve a failed 60's nuclear order
and an affront to India.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Indian state
mulls ban on black magic
September 04, 2011 12:21PM

el kabong wrote:

Billy Ruben wrote:

True Lilly wrote:
That's
The First Commandment of
The Creator God,
Who told us, From The Beginning,
about
All This Real World He Really Created,
and THE AGE of LIFE, HERE
In This Real World, BEFORE
OXYGEN=the prince of the air=DEATH...

well,stop fucking breathing and see how you go ya old bint,since you breathe oxygen and spread lies,slander and filth,I suppose you should classify yourself as Arch Evil.I do.Seek mental counselling or therapy you mad little thing

Sad but true Billyboy.

Suzi aka 'tru lilly' doesn't seem to comprehend the Bible is NOT a History Book, it is a Book of Instruction-Torah. Which she abuses.

Read any book on Evolutionary Biology and the Atmosphere we breathe preceded mankind. The Genesis Enigma by Andrew Parker.


Did you notice how she has completely contradicted herself by citing the First commandment, which she doesn't follow?

1: It establishes abstract Ethical Monotheism-YHWH Elohim as the only living God, it is the Foundation of His Torah/Instruction, which Suzi doesn't co9mprehend and disregards making up her own nonsense.

2: The commandment declares YHWH liberated the Hebrews FROM Egypt/Mizraim.

Talk about cognitive dissonance, I can hear hers in the USA!

Anyway, she should obey the Commandment NOT to Bear false Witness, she would enjoy greater peace.

Hypocrites are always beset by anxieties and blame others for their own foibles.

Anyhoo, here is some wisdom she should heed, The Evil Tongue-The Lashon Hara.

Good investigative Journalism exposing Suzi billyboy.




The evil Tongue........

Words Are Powerful
http://www.aish.com/f/p/48936067.html

Speech -- the ability to convey ideas and feelings through words -- is unique to human beings. It can be a tremendous blessing, but it's also ripe for abuse.

The words our children choose to use in expressing themselves help create their personal window on the world.

Positive forms of expression can help our children grow into positive, optimistic people who view the world around them with generous and hopeful eyes. Negative forms of expression, such as defamatory, mean-spirited speech, will cultivate in them a negative, cynical view of the world.

Speech That Is Evil
It's easy to fall prey to a destructive pattern of speaking badly about others and gossiping -- to the point where it becomes a recreational activity! In order to enjoy the many people in our lives, we have to stop verbalizing the negativity and focus on their positive virtues. This takes a lot of effort but is essential in raising happy children.

If we're always finding fault, we will naturally be dissatisfied, disappointed and displeased, and so will be our children.

Raising happy children requires us to impart to our offspring the ability to look at everything positively --situations, places and material objects. Most important of all is how they view people.

Torah calls "evil language" anything negative, even if it's true.The Hebrew term for speaking badly of others is called lashon hara, literally "evil language." Interestingly, the Torah calls "evil language" anything negative, even if it's true. (Slander -- malicious, false information is called motzi shem ra, literally "giving another a bad name.")

In sharp contrast to the Western adage about sticks and stones not hurting, Judaism looks very gravely upon misuse of speech. Our tradition teaches that lashon hara can destroy many lives, even unintentionally, in one fell swoop:

•the person speaking,
•the person spoken about,
•and the person spoken to.
Let's look at why.

•The person speaking: Although you briefly become the center of attention when you dish out a juicy piece of gossip, in the long run people start mistrusting you. "Gee, I wonder what she says about me when I'm not around." People don't trust gossips and will avoid confiding in you. In the end, you're killing your own reputation. Furthermore, because you are misusing the gift of speech that God gave you, you are also lessened in His eyes.
•The person spoken about: The person under discussion is, of course, being killed in everyone's eyes. Whether the information is true or false, it is hard to take back defamatory words already spoken and undo the character assassination already committed. That person's reputation is forever blemished.
•The person spoken to: Interestingly enough, this is the person who is the most culpable, even though s/he is seemingly the innocent one. All s/he did was listen! But the Talmud says that listening to lashon hara is even worse than speaking it; the person had the power to stop it and didn't. Now the transgression is complete.
Exceptions to the Rule

Of course, there are times we are all owed to speak share negative information about others; in fact, there are times it is an obligation to do so. For example - when a friend is about to be become financially involved with a person we know to be unethical, or seriously dating a person we know to be abusive or otherwise unsuitable. Or when a child has information that will prevent harm from occurring.

Common Fallacies

Beware of the excuses children and adults often use for speaking lashon hara:

•"But it's true!" Lashon hara specifically refers to sharing derogatory information when it is true. Spreading vicious lies is far worse!
•"If she were here I would say it to her face." Maybe you would, and maybe you wouldn't. In any case, it is still forbidden.
•"Everyone knows about it." Does this justify you adding fuel to the fire? Even if it is on the front page of the newspaper, you are still forbidden to speak about it.
Parenting Tools

Teaching our children to avoid speaking lashon hara takes a concerted effort. Experiment with the following tools:

1.Teach by example. Showing children that it's a priority for you is perhaps the most important lesson. Don't let them hear your gossiping with your friends or relatives. Don't let them hear you laughing at other people's expense. Even better than "don't let them hear you" is not doing it -- whether they're in earshot or not.
2.Discuss the importance of avoiding lashon hara. Help your children identify what is and isn't proper speech. Talk about how improper speech can hurt others and how it hurts the person speaking lashon hara. There are a number of excellent Jewish books that can help you.
3.Discourage "tattling." When your kids come to "tell on" someone, tell them you aren't interested in reports of someone else's bad behavior, but that you're available if they need help or advice.
4.Get in the habit of not using names. There's no need for you to know the names of problem students at school unless you'll have a direct role in addressing the issue. Focus the discussion on your child's feelings, worries and concerns. If he or she needs protection that requires your intervention, tell him or her that it is proper to tell you the name of the offending child.
5.Don't fall into the trap of casual lashon hara. At dinner and at other family times, bring books to the table to discuss or talk about current events. When you discuss what happened in each person's day, focus on what they learned that day and how they felt. Show your children that there are more interesting things to talk about than other people's poor behavior.
6.Give positive reinforcement. Be sure to commend your kids when they manage to tell you about school or neighborhood problems without mentioning who was involved. Let them know that you're proud of them - and that God is too.
7.Reminders! Tape a reminder to the telephone: "No Lashon Hara!" Put up signs on the fridge and in other prominent locations around the house.
8.Study it. Read a small section of the laws of lashon hara each day during dinner or at your Shabbat table. Encourage discussion and examples

Pay attention Suzi!!!

http://www.lashonhara.org/

What Counts As Lashon Hara?Posted on July 23, 2010 by admin Rabbi Finkelman, in his Purity of Speech adaptation of the Chofetz Chaim’s Sefer Shmirat Halashon, teaches that the immediate physical punishment for speaking lashon hara can be seen as having benefitted the Jews back when this punishment was in effect. Jews who spoke lashon hara were punished with Tzaraat – leprosy. How could being struck with leprosy possibly be a good thing?

Rabbi Finkelman explains that when leprosy was the consequence of speaking lashon hara, Jews were conscious of when they’d misspoken. They knew what counted as lashon hara. Today, you often hear people defend their gossiping by saying that it isn’t lashon hara. People know they should speak kindly about their fellows, but it’s difficult. To avoid feeling bad, they justify their unkind words as something that doesn’t qualify as lashon hara.

In the Bible, Miriam is struck with leprosy for speaking ill of her brother Moses. In the following Parasha, the spies are sent to scout out the land. One well-known way of interpreting the Torah is by considering juxtapositions, things placed alongside each other.

Rashi explains why these two stories, seemingly unrelated, are stuck together. The spies – who were leaders of the 12 tribes of the Children of Israel – should have learned from Miriam’s punishment. They should have seen how dangerous speaking lashon hara is.

Unfortunately, they didn’t learn the lesson. And as a result of their negative report, G’ decided that that generation would not enter the land of Israel, but die in the desert. Thus began 40 years of wandering in the desert. And during that time, the whole generation died. (They’d asked Moses to send spies into Israel.)

When in doubt as to what counts as lashon hara, it’s better to keep quiet. Lashon hara carries serious consequences, even if they’re not as immediately obvious today, as they once were.

Posted in Uncategorized | Leave a comment
How To Constructively Criticize And ChidePosted on May 11, 2010 by admin (This continues the second story discussed in How To React To Lashon Hara. Lashon Hara is Hebrew for speaking negatively – albeit truthfully – about others.) In the same group studying Mishnah, there happened to be a younger student. He didn’t understand the full meaning of the siilence and so felt guilty regarding the unkind words (lashon hara).

Why feel guilty?

Because lashon hara destroys 3: The speaker, the hearer and the target. After Havdalah, the youth approached the Rabbi who’d only discussed the Mishnah without deviating into lashon hara, and asked to speak privately.

Once they were behind closed doors, the student said, “The course was great, so I’d like to thank you and the others for teaching us so well.” “Thankyou,” answered the Rabbi.

“There was just one little thing that bothered me, though – the other Rabbi’s comments on those he disagrees with politically,” continued the student. “I’m not sure whether it was or wasn’t lashon hara, but it certainly put me in an awkward situation. I didn’t think it would be well-received if I chided the other Rabbi, being younger and less learned than him. Perhaps you might speak to him?” he asked.

“The whole group felt that way,” responded the Rav. “That’s why there was the silence [due to the discomfort and disapproval.]”

The story has several important takeaways on offering criticism.

How To Provide Constructive Criticism And Chiding

1) Avoid embarassment and ensure effectiveness by seeking a private discussion. No one likes to hear that they’re wrong and especially not in front of others, which would cause them to lose face.

To avoid putting others on the defensive and to pre-empt a fruitless confrontation, seek a private forum after others have left. This is why the student waited until after Havdala, and went to a private room to avoid being overheard.

2) Praise before criticizing. In theory, a person may sense that praise is being given to soften upcoming criticism, and they may doubt the sincerity of the praise. But in practice, any such considerations fall by the wayside for two reasons.

First, emotionally, we all appreciate compliments and this tends to suffice to trump rational skepticism. Second, since we tend to view ourselves and our actions positively, we believe praise we receive on the grounds that it is true, even if the motive for giving it is to ease a path for constructive criticism. I’ve certainly never heard someone respond, when told they were generous and kind, “I’m a cheap jerk! What are you talking about?!”

Of course, it’s best to give praise one genuinely believes, for optimal results. This is especially true if it can be supported based on an event we’ve seen.

Often, however, even compliments that we cannot justify from our own experience with the person may suffice. The Haggadah says, “All of us are intelligent, all of us are righteous, all of us know the Torah.” (“Koulanu chachamim, koulanu tzadikkim, koulanou yod’im et haTorah.”) So praising a person’s intelligence, good deeds and/or knowledge of Torah are generally applicable type compliments that we can use in the absence of something more contextually appropriate.

3) Let the right person for the situation offer the constructive criticism. Age, perceived expertise, pre-existing friendship and other factors affect who is the “right” critic.

Ultimately, it is someone who the target of the constructive criticism will heed and not feel ashamed to receive criticism from.

Again, protecting dignity is key. Often, a close friend or family member is best, or at least a trusted peer, because they are known to mean well [in the target's mind],

How Abraham Would Give Constructive Criticism

In the story of Soddom, Abraham questions G’ as to whether He will really destory the city despite the possibility that some righteous people may reside there. Onkelos’ translation/interpretation adds the words, “Too True Are Your Judgments,” to Abraham’s chiding of G’. It’s unclear what the source of Onkelos’ addition is, but either way, the story sets an excellent example.

First, Abraham begins with praise.

Second, the text explicitly says that Abraham waited until the other members of his group had already travelled onwards. He was addressing G’ privately.

And we know that Abraham smashed his father’s idols and brought people to monotheism. The former demonstrates a love and respect for both G’ (similar to seeking the wellbeing of the object of the constructive criticism) and the latter point shows love for his fellow men (e.g. expertise in the subject of monotheism and appreciation of G’). So Abraham was the right person to plead Soddom’s case.

Posted in Uncategorized | Leave a comment
How To React To Lashon HaraPosted on May 11, 2010 by admin A Story of Reacting to Lashon Hara at Merkaz HaRav Yeshiva

Rav Nir ? of Machon Meir Yeshiva once shared with us a story of Rav Aviner’s experience at Merkaz HaRav Yeshiva.

On Rav Aviner’s first day there, he happened to sit near the advanced students (avrechim). As they were discussing, one of the avrechim suddenly leapt backwards as if he were about to be stung by a scorpion! “Lashon Hara!” he shouted, interrupting another of the avrechim in mid sentence, in anticipation of the point about to be made. The avrech who’d been speaking didn’t finish the sentence.

(The avrech who leapt backwards was Rav Dov Bigon, Chief Rabbi of Machon Meir (Rosh Yeshiva). )

Obviously, this was an extraordinary reaction of a unique individual (in the positive sense) in the company of a particular, learned group. Our reaction in a similar situation must be appropriate to the circumstances. The following anecdote further illustrates the idea.

It happened once upon a time that a group of men were studying the Mishna during the third Shabbat meal (seuda shlishit). One Rav, in commenting and explaining a passage, went off on a tangent. The Rav who spoke after him expounded further, then went on to speak harshly of those whose political views were opposed to his own. (It was somewhat related to the discussion.)

The others in the group met the political aside with an uncomfortable silence, whereupon the Rav who’d made the comment and the first Rav returned to the topic of the Mishna. The meaning of the silence – i.e. disapproval – was clear to the Rav who spoke lashon hara, which explains why he immediately dropped the topic.

Two More Ways To React To Lashon Hara

In addition to the possible reaction presented in the first story, another two ways of reacting to lashon hara are presented by this parable. One reaction is silence. The other reaction is to change the topic.

1) Silence. In the context of lashon hara, silence indicates a few things. First, it is the opposite action to joining in with the lashon hara and piling on the unfortunate target. Second, silence – to those attuned to non-verbal communication – expresses disapproval and/or disagreement without saying so explicitly. Thus, there is an instant reaction - which prevents sinking further into the muckraking – without risking embarasshing the person who spoke ill of his fellow.

Note: This is dependent on the speaker being attuned to non-verbal communication and not just being oblivious, thinking perhaps that the silence is just rapt attention.

2) Changing the topic. This is another time-honoured tactic for avoiding uncomfortable discussiong and cutting them short once begun. In the above anecdote, the speaker himself changed the topic along with the other Rav.

Posted in Uncategorized | 2 Comments
How To Avoid Lashon HaraPosted on May 5, 2010 by admin Avoiding Lashon Hara, aka Gossip About Others’ Bad Behaviour

Lashon Hara is based in a feeling of superiority

To be able to speak unkindly about another person, you have to consider yourself superior to that person. Specifically, you need to consider yourself superior in that field in which you’re attacking the other person. If you were at the same level, it would be pretty foolish to attack others – the proverbial pot calling the kettle black.

Yet, even if it’s true that we do such or such a mitzva that someone else doesn’t do, or otherwise do really behave in a way that is superior to another person’s behaviour, that mitzva must be put in its proper context.

The context of our comparison

What is it that helps us realize that the implicit comparison between our behaviour and theirs is wrong? It’s the role of G’ in our daily lives.

Rabbi Haim Moshe Luzzato’s book Mesilat Yesharim, the Path of the Just/Righteous, develops this point. The Path of the Just teaches us that the more mitzvot we accomplish, the more humble we must be.

That’s a pretty counter-intuitive statement! Normally, the better we behave, the more we can feel proud in our accomplishments, even if we recognize this should remain internal (to avoid being boastful). The explanation for this paradox is the role of G’ in our daily lives.

Mesilat Yesharim explains this by analogy us to a poor person who receives a gift. The greater the gift, the greater the poor person’s embarassment relative to his mediocre financial status. In our largely middle class society, we might understand this better by thinking of the last time we tried to give a gift to the “friend who has everything.” The difficulty finding him a gift is because he already has everything. Inversely, the poor person has very little.

Likewise, we all start as babies with no knowledge of the Torah, mitzvot etc. It’s only by divine generosity that we have the opportunity to accomplish mitzvot. It’s the old question of nature / nurture. While our own efforts are not to be belittled, G’ is responsible for giving us the chance to accomplish the mitzvot. We can’t ignore “nature” [read: G'].

For example, a Bar Mitzvah boy who puts on tefillin thanks his parents for buying them for him. Sure he’s putting them on, but he was lucky to have parents who put him in that situation. And while they worked to afford those tefillin, obviously G’ had a role to play in making their efforts at earning a living successful.

It’s not for nothing that we refer to G’ as Avinu Shebashamayim, Our Father In Heaven.

This teaches us 2 lessons.

1. The greater one’s achievements in the Torah, the less merit one must have had to start with! What is amazing about the marathon runner who crosses the finish line isn’t that he’s now completed the race (his current state), but that he came from 42 km distance away! Therefore, it’s better to avoid speaking Lashon Hara about others, lest others bring up our the distant point from which we began our own marathon.

2. Our good deeds are only partially attributable to us. While it’s true that we chose to make an effort and do them, G’ put us in a fertile environment and gave us the opportunity to accomplish those mitzvot.

This leads to another piece of advice given by Rav Luzzato in mesilat Yesharim. In our moments of pride, we should recall all the times where we’ve made stumbled along the way. Even King David, of whom some comment that he never erred, said of himself “And I am but a worm and ashes.” (The anecdote with Bat-Sheva and Uri the Hittite is in dispute as to whether it constitutes a mistake on the part of David.)

In sum:

a) Lashon hara is based on feelign superior relative to others.

b) That feeling is vain because

(i) whoever has improved themselves was imperfect to begin with and

(ii) their improvement is largely attributable to G’.

Just as we don’t boast about our hair colour, which we didn’t choose, we shouldn’t speak badly about others whose conditions have been different and thus lacked the opportunity to improve themselves.

Lashon Hara As Blasphemy – Desecrating G’s Name

Other people’s circumstances are largely influenced by G’, just like our own circumstances. If we speak badly about someone else who doesn’t accomplish X or Y mitzva, what we’re saying indirectly is that G’ is unjust. Why? Because He didn’t give them as favourable circumstances as our own.

The problem with that is that we can’t understand G’ to a sufficient degree in order to be able to judge him. We can have recognition towards him – hakarat hatov – which is the basis for loving – ahavat – G’ .

But when He acts in a way that appears difficult to us to understand – e.g. our difficulties understanding the Shoah (Holocaust) – we’re better off reserving our judgement to avoid desecrating G’s Name (chilloul H’), even if it’s only an unintentional desecration.

(The book Sichot HaRav Tzvi Yehuda sheds some light on the question of the Holocaust. It’s translated into English as Torat Eretz Israel by Rabbi David Samson.)

Finally, I’d like to return to that idea of humility based on a retrospective view of the long way we’ve come. As we continue to make progress, we realize that there’s still a long road ahead of us. Thankfully, “the Eternal Nation isn’t intimidated by the long road.” (Am Hanetzach Lo Mephached MeDerech Arucka.)

Speech and Lashon Ha-Ra

http://www.jewfaq.org/speech.htm

Level: Intermediate
• Gossip and slander are serious sins in Judaism

• Judaism forbids causing any deception or embarrassment through speech
• It is forbidden even if the statement is true
• There are some exceptions that allow tale-bearing


When non-observant people talk about how difficult it is to observe Jewish law, they usually mention the difficulty of observing Shabbat or keeping kosher or other similarly detailed rituals. Yet the laws that are most difficult to keep, that are most commonly violated even by observant Jews, are the laws regarding improper speech. This is a very important area of Jewish law; entire books have been written on the subject.

The Power of Speech
Judaism is intensely aware of the power of speech and of the harm that can be done through speech. The rabbis note that the universe itself was created through speech. Of the 43 sins enumerated in the Al Cheit confession recited on Yom Kippur, 11 are sins committed through speech. The Talmud tells that the tongue is an instrument so dangerous that it must be kept hidden from view, behind two protective walls (the mouth and teeth) to prevent its misuse.

The harm done by speech is even worse than the harm done by stealing or by cheating someone financially: money lost can be repaid, but the harm done by speech can never be repaired. For this reason, some sources indicate that there is no forgiveness for lashon ha-ra (disparaging speech). This is probably hyperbole, but it illustrates the seriousness of improper speech. A Chasidic tale vividly illustrates the danger of improper speech: A man went about the community telling malicious lies about the rabbi. Later, he realized the wrong he had done, and began to feel remorse. He went to the rabbi and begged his forgiveness, saying he would do anything he could to make amends. The rabbi told the man, "Take a feather pillow, cut it open, and scatter the feathers to the winds." The man thought this was a strange request, but it was a simple enough task, and he did it gladly. When he returned to tell the rabbi that he had done it, the rabbi said, "Now, go and gather the feathers. Because you can no more make amends for the damage your words have done than you can recollect the feathers."

Speech has been compared to an arrow: once the words are released, like an arrow, they cannot be recalled, the harm they do cannot be stopped, and the harm they do cannot always be predicted, for words like arrows often go astray.

Tale-Bearing
There are two mitzvot in the Torah that specifically address improper speech: Thou shalt not go up and down as a tale-bearer among thy people (Lev. 19:16), and ye shall not wrong one another (Lev. 25:17, which according to tradition refers to wronging a person with speech).

Tale-bearing is, essentially, any gossip. The Hebrew word for tale-bearer is "rakhil" (Reish-Kaf-Yod-Lamed), which is related to a word meaning trader or merchant. The idea is that a tale-bearer is like a merchant, but he deals in information instead of goods. In our modern "Information Age," the idea of information as a product has become more clear than ever before, yet it is present even here in the Torah.

It is a violation of this mitzvah to say anything about another person, even it is true, even if it is not negative, even if it is not secret, even if it hurts no one, even if the person himself would tell the same thing if asked! It is said that the telling of gossip leads to bloodshed, which is why the next words in the Torah are "you shall not stand aside while your fellow's blood is shed." The story of Do'eig the Edomite (I Samuel Chs. 21-22) is often used to illustrate the harm that can be done by tale-bearing. Do'eig saw Achimelekh the Kohein give David bread and a sword, a completely innocent act intended to aid a leading member of Saul's court. Do'eig reported this to Saul. Do'eig's story was completely true, not negative, not secret, and Achimelekh would have told Saul exactly the same thing if asked (in fact, he did so later). Yet Saul misinterpreted this tale as proof that Achimelekh was supporting David in a rebellion, and proceeded to slaughter all but one of the kohanim at Nob.

The person who listens to gossip is even worse than the person who tells it, because no harm could be done by gossip if no one listened to it. It has been said that lashon ha-ra (disparaging speech) kills three: the person who speaks it, the person who hears it, and the person about whom it is told. (Talmud Arachin 15b).

In Jewish law, all things are considered to be secret unless a person specifically says otherwise. For this reason, you will note that in the Torah, G-d constantly says to Moses, "Speak to the Children of Israel, saying:" or "Speak to the Children of Israel and tell them:" If G-d did not specifically say this to Moses, Moses would be forbidden to repeat his words! Nor is there any time-limit on secrets. The Talmud tells the story of a student who revealed a secret that he had heard 22 years earlier, and he was immediately banished from the house of study! (Talmud Sanhedrin 31a)

The gravest of these sins of tale-bearing is lashon ha-ra (literally, "the evil tongue"), which involves discrediting a person or saying negative things about a person, even if those negative things are true. Indeed, true statements are even more damaging than false ones, because you can't defend yourself by disproving the negative statement if it's true! Some sources indicate that lashon ha-ra is equal in seriousness to murder, idol worship, and incest/adultery (the only three sins that you may not violate even to save a life).

It is forbidden to even imply or suggest negative things about a person. It is forbidden to say negative things about a person, even in jest. It is likewise considered a "shade of lashon ha-ra" to say positive things about a person in the presence of his enemies, because this will encourage his enemies to say negative things to contradict you!

One who tells disparaging things that are false is referred to as a motzi sheim ra, that is, one who spreads a bad report. This is considered the lowest of the low.

It is generally not a sin to repeat things that have been told "in the presence of three persons." The idea is that if it is told in the presence of three persons, it is already public knowledge, and no harm can come of retelling it. However, even in this case, you should not repeat it if you know you will be spreading the gossip further.

When Tale-Bearing is Allowed
There are a few exceptional circumstances when tale-bearing is allowed, or even required. Most notably, tale-bearing is required in a Jewish court of law, because it is a mitzvah to give testimony and that mitzvah overrides the general prohibition against tale-bearing. Thus, a person is required to reveal information, even if it is something that was explicitly told in confidence, even if it will harm a person, in a Jewish court of law.

A person is also required to reveal information to protect a person from immediate, serious harm. For example, if a person hears that others are plotting to kill someone, he is required to reveal this information. That is another reason why the commandment not to go about as a tale-bearer is juxtaposed with "you shall not stand aside while your fellow's blood is shed."

In limited circumstances, one is also permitted to reveal information if someone is entering into a relationship that he would not enter if he knew certain information. For example, it may be permissible to tell a person that his prospective business partner is untrustworthy, or that a prospective spouse has a disease. This exception is subject to significant and complex limitations; however, if those limitations are satisfied, the person with the information is required to reveal it.

In all of these exceptions, a person is not permitted to reveal information if the same objective could be fulfilled without revealing information. For example, if you could talk a person out of marrying for reasons other than the disease, you may not reveal the disease.

Wronging a Person through Speech
Leviticus 25:17 says, "You shall not wrong one another." This has traditionally been interpreted as wronging a person with speech. It includes any statement that will embarrass, insult or deceive a person, or cause a person emotional pain or distress.

Here are some commonly-used examples of behavior that is forbidden by this mitzvah:

•You may not call a person by a derogatory nickname, or by any other embarrassing name, even if he is used to it.
•You may not ask an uneducated person for an opinion on a scholarly matter (that would draw attention to his lack of knowledge or education).
•You may not ask a merchant how much he would sell something for if you have no intention of buying.
•You may not refer someone to another person for assistance when you know the other person cannot help (in other words, it's a violation of Jewish law to give someone the run-around!).
•You may not deceive a person, even if no harm is done by the deception; for example, you may not sell non-kosher meat to a non-Jew telling him that it is kosher, even though no harm is done to the non-Jew by this deception.
•You may not sell a person damaged goods without identifying the damage, even if the price you give is fair for the goods in their damaged condition.
•You may not offer a person a gift or invite a person to dinner if you know that the person will not accept.
•You may not compliment a person if you do not mean it.
Links for Further Reading
Torah.org offers an online course on the Ethics of Speech, studying the laws of proper speech as defined in the Sefer Chafetz Chayim

As for her citing the First Commandment, read it, it is the Foundation of YHWHs Torah-Instruction, which Suzi ignorantly tells her few readers is 'Done Away with' and they should believe her lies and deceptions.

The Purpose of the Commandments
http://www.chabad.org/parshah/article_cdo/aid/346666/jewish/The-Purpose-of-the-Commandments.htm

By Tali Loewenthal

The Ten Commandments are in many ways the highlight of the entire Torah. But the Midrash1 makes a surprising statement: it says that the first word of the Ten Commandments is in the Egyptian language. What does this mean?

The Ten Commandments are the summary of the entire Torah. They were heard from G-d by the entire Jewish people. The first Command, "I am G-d, your G-d, who took you out of the Land of Egypt" is the basic statement of our special relationship with the Infinite. The first word, Anokhi, means, "I am." G-d is speaking of Himself, and communicating with us.

The Midrash is intriguing. It says this first word Anokhi is Egyptian, because G-d wanted to speak with us in the language we had learnt while we were in Egypt. This tells us something about the nature of Torah and of being a Jew. G-d does not want to relate to us only on the sacred, spiritual level of our lives, represented by Hebrew, the holy language. He wants to reach the earthly "Egyptian" dimension as well.

We should not try to pretend that we do not have this lower aspect. Rather, we should try to control it, then elevate it and ultimately transform it into something holy.

G-d helps us in this task: there are Jewish teachings about every aspect of life, including the most basic. The mitzvot (commandments) connect us to G-d on every level of our being. For this reason Anokhi, the first word of the Ten Commandments, is in Egyptian: it reaches down to the "Egyptian" person inside us and transforms him or her into a Jew. 2

Meeting Point

The Sages tell us that every Jewish soul ever to be born was present at the giving of the Torah. This includes every single person who would ever become a true proselyte to Judaism. It was a moment of meeting of the entire Jewish people together, and a meeting of the Jewish people with G-d.

The recognition of G-d which was experienced at Sinai remains in the heart of every Jew, and is the spark of his or her Jewish identity.

Further, during his forty days and nights on Mount Sinai the entire Torah was revealed to Moses. The Sages tell us that "Every new idea which would ever be suggested by a scholar in discussion with his teacher - was told to Moses at Sinai".

Sinai was therefore the ultimate meeting point of G-d, the entire Jewish people and the Torah.

Beware of Fale Prophets like Suzi aka 'tru lilly', she will lead you into danger.

...it's not what you say,

but,

the way that you say it...

true lilly wrote:Hey, "el kabong",
don't forget to spam over the thread
that WARNS AUSTRALIANS about HOW,
"YOU & YOUR mates" WORK AT
BETRAYING AUSTRALIA...

End 'lawfare' by ditching UN policies

PAUL SHEEHAN
A disconnect has grown between
the will of the people and
the legal activists who wage ''lawfare'' -
the practice of using the courts
to achieve policies rejected at the ballot box.

...it's not what you say,

but,

the way that you say it...

true lilly wrote:So Rodin, what is YOUR "position on"
The RELIGIOUSLY AVOWED ENEMIES OF ISRAEL?

ARE YOU, LIKE MOST in CONspiracy Land,
PRO-THE ISLAMIC INVADERS of EVERYWHERE?

YOU KNOW, those who ILLEGALLY enter
WESTERN, CHRISTIAN LAW BASED NATIONS,
then Ab-use those CHRISTIAN BASED LAWS,
to FORCE their 'right' to STAY, and 'right' to
TRY TO FORCE IN SHARIA LAW.

...so much news lately, that examples this opinion
(that came after, I posted the same opinion ), that
I don't know where to begin...probably should have
more than 31/2 hours sleep, and finished my first
coffee before it went cold, prior to attempting to
to put it together...ah but why bother at all...when
anyone who can't see it for themselves by now, is
probably 'permanently blind', or part of that most
TRAITOROUS CABAL.


The Gillard government
has failed in deterring
the people smuggling trade.
Photo: Reuters

Just wondering, is it still 'legal' to ask for,
receive and publish, a list of the RELIGIONS
of the PEOPLE being TRADED and
SMUGGLED IN TO AUSTRALIA?

And again I have to wonder if it is
Gillard's PRIMARY Job, to SHOW US
JUST HOW BADLY The GREEN LEFT
-overs of Nazi Faithful installed in
Australia-HAVE BETRAYED THIS
NATION to 'their' Foreign 'mates'.

true lilly wrote:Calls to sack MP for extremist support

6:04PM
AAP
SENATOR Cory Bernardi
is facing an angry backlash
after promising to help organise
notorious Dutch MP Geert Wilders'
visit to Australia.

Yes, it's also rather telling that none of the many
Australians at David Icke Official Forums, or,
ANY of TEAM TINTIN have bothered to cover this
NEWS (that is CHOCK FULL of what TEAM TINTIN
posted many of 'their' TWISTED [NON]linked, 'links'),
NOW, when ACTUAL LINKS between ACTUAL people,
in CURRENT, AUSTRALIAN And DUTCH Governments,
are flagging what I so long ago, warned to watch for.

Calls to sack Cory Bernardi over his support to
controversial Dutch politician Geert Wilders
AAP
From:Herald Sun
September 07, 2011 6:04PM


Dutch anti-Islam politician Geert Wilders
wants to visit Australia. Picture: AFP Herald Sun


Liberal senator Cory Bernardi.
Picture: Kym Smith Herald Sun

LIBERAL senator Cory Bernardi is facing an angry backlash and calls
for his scalp after he promised to help controversial Dutch politician
Geert Wilders organise his visit to Australia.

Mr Wilders, 48, has faced accusations of racial vilification
for his hostile views on Islam.

He provoked outrage among the Netherland's Muslim community after
branding Islam a violent religion, likening the Koran to Hitler's Mein
Kampf and calling the Prophet Mohammed a pedophile.

Senator Bernardi has admitted extending an invitation to assist Mr Wilders
with "his schedule or arranging appropriate meetings" in Australia.

But has since moved to distance himself from the visit.

Senator Bernardi is the shadow parliamentary secretary for families
and assisting the opposition leader.

Related Coverage

• ALP calls for clarifying on Wilders visit Herald Sun, 9 hours ago
  
• Right-winger invite angers Libs Adelaide Now, 20 hours ago
  
• Dutch MP banned in the UK wants to visit Herald Sun, 20 hours ago
  
• Call for meat slaughter method labelling Herald Sun, 24 Aug 2011
  
• Ambitious MP fans flames of love Herald Sun, 22 May 2011
  

Treasurer Wayne Swan said Senator Bernardi had a history of
indiscretions espousing right-wing extremist views and the issue would
be a test for Opposition Leader Tony Abbott's integrity.

He said if Mr Abbott failed to act, it would be telling of his own views.

"It will just demonstrate Mr Abbott is someone who can't be believed and
is someone who also sides with extremists," he told ABC TV.

Labor frontbencher Peter Garrett echoed the call saying Mr Wilders had
dangerous views "which are completely at odds with Australian culture
and Australian values.

"Mr Abbott should show some leadership,
discipline this senator, remove him from his portfolio
responsibilities," he told reporters in Sydney today.

Mr Garrett declined to say if he believed Mr Abbott should have Senator Bernardi
expelled from the Liberal Party, in the way John Howard had Pauline Hanson
disendorsed as a candidate ahead of the 1996 election.

Opposition Leader Tony Abbott denied Senator Bernardi was
trying to bring Mr Wilders to Australia.

"That's not the position, he's not," the Liberal leader told reporters in Brisbane.

"The coalition has nothing to do with the organisation of any trip."

Senator Bernardi has previously called for the burqa to be banned, although
this view is not endorsed by his coalition colleagues.

The British initially banned Mr Wilders from visiting their shores in early
2009 because of fears he would threaten community harmony and public
security.

Labor senator Kate Lundy would not say whether Australia should ban Mr Wilder's
from visiting.

"Mr Wilders will have to go through the normal processes for applying for a visa,"
she told reporters in Canberra on Wednesday.

She said Senator Bernardi was sponsoring Mr Wilders' visit
"like he was some sort of rock star".

"Mr Wilders' views are very hurtful and offensive to Muslims and I think to many Australians," she said.

Australian Greens senator Richard Di Natale
condemned Senator Bernardi's associations with the Dutch hardliner.

"Multiculturalism is one of this country's great successes and it must be defended," he said.

The question is whether Tony Abbott is prepared to defend it from those in his ranks.

In 2009, Opposition Leader Malcolm Turnbull sacked Cory Bernardi from
being shadow parliamentary secretary for disabilities, carers and the
voluntary sector, following his thinly veiled slur about fellow South
Australian Christopher Pyne.

Speaking to reporters in Sydney, senior coalition frontbencher Joe Hockey said
Wilders was an unpleasant character who should be avoided.

"This gentleman seems like a very unpleasant character and I think
it's far better we have nothing to do with him," he said.

Mr Hockey declined to say if he believed Senator Bernardi should be disciplined
for supporting families portfolio.

"I'm not going to speculate on those matters," he said.

Mr Hockey said he was sure Mr Abbott was telling the truth when the
opposition leader said he did not offer to organise Mr Wilders' visit
to Australia.

"I'm sure that Tony Abbott is telling the truth," Mr Hockey said.
______________________________________________________

...yet, RABID Anti-Semite David Icke,
and all his RABID Anti-Christ Followers,
have the gall to PROMOTE his coming here,
TO CHARGE US TO HAVE HIM PREACH
HIS ANTI-CHRIST RELIGION AT US!

So Rodin, what is YOUR "position on"
The RELIGIOUSLY AVOWED ENEMIES OF ISRAEL?

ARE YOU, LIKE MOST in CONspiracy Land,
PRO-THE ISLAMIC INVADERS of EVERYWHERE?

YOU KNOW, those who ILLEGALLY enter
WESTERN, CHRISTIAN LAW BASED NATIONS,
then Ab-use those CHRISTIAN BASED LAWS,
to FORCE their 'right' to STAY, and 'right' to
TRY TO FORCE IN SHARIA LAW.

Still waiting...

true lilly wrote:

but,

the way that you say it...[/i][/u][/color] [/size]

SEE! UNDERSTAND!
That The Word's have DIFFERENT,
DESCRIPTIVE, ROOT MEANINGS,
depending on The TIME, PLACE
and CONTEXT they are used,
and apply!


[/color]MANY GENERATIONS AFTER NOAH,
YET "YOU" ALL LIE
that NOAH
"was after The Land Divided"
and
"landed on the YET UNFORMED,
Mount Ararat".

"YOU" ALL DENY THE WORD OF GOD,
to FORCE BELIEF IN "YOUR" FALSE,
INSANELY TOO SHORT,
"out of Egypt", "time-line".[/b][/color]

SEE, UNDERSTAND, that man's words,
like man, ARE LIMITED, whereas,
GOD IS LIMITLESS, like
THE FULL, DEEP, DESCRIPTIVE
ROOT MEANINGS of
EACH WORD of GOD'S WORD.

Studies in the Book of Genesis
Part 3:
The Table of Nations in
Genesis 10--Its Content
Allen P. Ross
The previous article in this series dealt with the structure of
the Table of Nations in Genesis 10.1 The deliberate design in its
construction, symmetry, and unity were examined in an effort to
understand its purpose as a tOdl;OT. But in addition to the evi-
deuce from its structure, there is a wealth of information about
the nations of the world that is important for the complete under-
standing of this chapter within the message of Genesis.
The Analysis of the Passage
The heading of the chapter (Gen. 10:1) declares that this is
the record of the particulars of what became of Shem, Ham, and
Japheth after the Flood. The verse serves not only as a heading for
the Table, but also as a literary connection back to Genesis 9:18
and 28. It is to be read with the oracle of Noah in mind!
THE SONS OF JAPHETH (10:2-5)
In the listing of Noah's sons, Japheth usually comes last. But
here he is first because the tribes descended from Japheth were
spread across the remote lands of the north and therefore were
less involved in Israel's history.
The connection of Japheth and ]Iapeto<j of the Greek tradi-
tion is striking.2 In both Greek and Hebrew traditions, then,
]Iapeto<j was the ancestor of the Greeks. Genesis, however, shows
him to be fully human.3 He is simply the ancestor of many north-
22
The Table of Nations in Genesis 10 - Its Content 23
ern tribes who were non-Semitic in physiognomy, language, and
custom.4
The sons of Japheth are seven. Gomer, mentioned also in
Ezekiel 38:6, represents the Cimmerians, thought to be of the
same stock as the Scythians.5 Magog is also mentioned in Ezekiel
(38:2 and 39:6) as the land of Gog, the region between Armenia
and Cappadocia; the name seems to represent the Scythian
hordes southeast of the Black Sea.6 Madia (ydamA) is the normal
Hebrew word for the Medes (Isa. 13:17) or Media (2 Kings 17:6),
east of Assyria and southwest of the Caspian Sea. Even though
the Median Empire was not formed until the seventh century,
this does not mean that such a people were not known earlier as a
group in the Lake Van area. The text of Shalmaneser III refers to
them in a way that implies they were older inhabitants.
Javan is the general word for the Hellenic race, used
throughout the Old Testament for the Ionians who dwelt in
western Asia Minor.7
Tubal and Meshech are always found together in the Bible;
they represent northern military states (Ezek. 27:13; 32:26;
38:2; 39:1; and Isa. 66:19). Tubal is equivalent to Tibareni in
Pontus; and Meshech is located in the Moschian mountains near
Armenia .8 Their range was from eastern Asia Minor to the
Black Sea.
Tiras has been identified in classical writings as the Thra-
cians living in the area of the river Tiras 9 It is now popular to
identify them as the Pelasgian pirates of the Aegean coasts men-
tioned in Merneptah's list of seafaring peoples.10
From these seven, seven more were derived. From Gomer
came Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah. Ashkenaz appears to
represent a northern branch of Indo-Germanic tribes related to
the Scythians.11 Riphath may bear a remote resemblance to the
name of the river Rhebas near the Bosphorous, or the Riphaean
mountains to the west. Josephus suggested these were the
Paphlagonians.12 Togarmah seems to represent the extreme
north in Ezekiel 27:14 and 38:6.13
From Javan came four "sons"--two geographical names
and two tribal names--all of which are kin to the Greeks.
Elishah is to be identified with the place Alashiyah on the island
of Cyprus.14 Tarshish is the name of a distant coast reached only
by sea (Isa. 66:19; Jer. 10:9; Ezek. 27:12). It has been identified
with several places on the southern coasts of Asia Minor, places
founded by Phoenician shippers.15 Kittim is preserved in the
24 Bibliotheca Sacra - January-March 1981
name of Kition (or Kettion), also on the island of Cyprus;16 this
plural noun refers to the people who inhabited that island, as well
as other islands east of Rhodes.
Dodanim, the last of the four from Javan, is difficult to
identify because of a textual problem. The word, spelled "Roda-
nim" in 1 Chronicles 1:7, would represent the inhabitants of
Rhodes. But the Qere at that passage suggests the spelling
"Dodanim." Moreover, Ezekiel lists a Dedan among northern
merchants (27:15). Neiman suggests they are the Dodanoi, the
people of Dodona, the most ancient oracle in Greece.17
These descendants of Japheth may be broadly summarized
as Cimmerians, Scythians, Medes, Hellenes, and Thracians.
From the fourteen names given, the text adds that from
these the isles of the nations were divided in lands, by tongues,
after families, in nations. They dwell in remote lands and
distant isles.
It should be noted in passing that these names occur fre-
quently in prophetic writings. In Genesis the great military
hordes and western merchants are rather remote. They do not
come into play, so far as the destiny of Israel in the land is
concerned, until much later. Genesis knows something about
them, but they are far beyond the movements of the patriarchs.
They too will eventually subjugate the inhabitants of the land.
THE SONS OF HAM (10:6-20)
More attention is given to the line of Ham than to that of
Japheth or Shem. Ham's line has four branches: Cush, Mizraim,
Put, and Canaan. All four are probably place names for Nubia-
Egypt, Upper and Lower Egypt, Libya, and Phoenicia-Palestine
respectively. In addition, the descendants of these four are both
places and tribes.
Ham is the ancestor of all these people from Phoenicia to
Africa.

The etymology of the word Ham is disputed,18 but it is
used to depict countries in close proximity to Egypt.

Cush is the "eldest son" according to the plan of the Table. In
antiquity this was an independent kingdom on the southern
flank of Egypt; and especially during the reign of Kamose it
served as the backbone of the Egyptian army, helping to expel the
Asiatics (Hyksos).19 So the list begins in the far south with the
African tribes known to the Greeks as Ethiopians.

Mizraim lies to the north of Cush. The word occurs almost
ninety times in the Old Testament for Egypt.

Put is used six times in the Bible, usually representing a
warlike people used as mercenaries in the Egyptian armies (e.g.,
Ezek. 27:10).
Some connect Put with Somaliland, known as Punt
(pwn.t).20 But the identification of Put with Punt is phonetically
problematic.21 Thus the identification with Libya seems to have
more support although not by similarity of names.22

The last of the four is Canaan, which normally represents the
land of Palestine and Phoenicia with its kaleidoscopic mixture of
races, a natural result for a country which is the "bridge" of
continents.23

The name Canaan has been connected with
various etymologies including the Hurrian kinahhu, a reddish-
purple shellfish dye.24 References from antiquity show the name
is geographical. Possibly it may have been used of the merchant
class in early commercial activities.26 Exclusive to the Old
Testament is the use of the term for inhabitants of the area in a
general sense. It later came to mean the pre-Israelite population
without distinction of race or social status. These many tribes
are in some way related to Canaan, and thus are called
Canaanites.
The lines of three of these are now carried further in the
expanding list. First are listed five sons of Cush, all of whom
show expansion in Arabia.27 Seba is usually identified with
Upper Egypt on the Nile, with the ancient city of Meroe between
Berber and Khartoum. Havilah, which means "sand-land," could
fit several areas according to its usage: Ishmaelite Arab territory
(Gen. 25:18), eastern Arabia on the Persian Gulf (Gen. 10:29), the
Ethiopian coast (Gen. 10:7), or even India as an extension of the
east (Gen. 2:11). The fact that Havilah is mentioned under both
Shem and Ham shows mixing of the races: both Shemites and
Hamites lived there.

Sabtah is near the western shore of the Persian Gulf. It has
to been identified as Shabwat, ancient Hadhramaut28 Raamah
appears to have been in southwest Arabia; Sabteca is possibly to
be identified with Samudake, east toward the Persian Gulf.
So these five tribal regions in the lower sections of Arabia
were populated with descendants from Ham. Of them, Raamah
produced two other tribes: Sheba and Dedan. Sheba is the name
of the ancient kingdom in southwest Arabia whose metropolis is
Marib, forty-five miles east of Sena'a of Yemen .29 Dedan is associ-
with modern 'Ula in northern Arabia, an important trading
center from antiquity, bordering on Edom (Ezek. 25:13; 27:20).
Some of the people of Sheba and Dedan traced their ancestry
26 Bibliotheca Sacra - January-March 1981
back through the Cushite Raamah; others traced their ancestry
to Joktan in the line of Shem (10:29).
Inserted in the Table is the story of Nimrod (Gen. 10:8-12).
This is the first dlayA ("begot") section and forms a major stylistic
break from the tribal and territory names preceding it. The verse
need not be interpreted to say that Nimrod was the actual son of
Cush, but that is possible. Many attempts have been made to
identify him, but the most plausible is the reflection of the name
in Ninurta, the god of hunting and war.30
Because his name has been connected with the root dramA ("to
rebel"), and because of the statements made about him, he seems
to represent tyrannical power. Genesis 10:9 describes him as a
mightly hunter,31 a term often used for the hunting of men, and
the founder of the colossal powers of the east, which suggests he
is not just someone known for his derring-do.
Genesis 10:10 lists these cities as the "beginning" of his
kingdom: Babel, Erech, and Accad (and Calneh in the land of
Shinar). Since Babel, the well-known city of Babylon, is listed
first, it is not surprising to see it as the subject of the next
narrative (11:1-9), where it is described as the first gathering
point of the race.
Erech is the Akkadian Uruk, to be identified with ancient
Warka, the city of heroes like Gilgamesh 32 It is one hundred
miles southeast of Babylon. Accad is another ancient city, the
Agade of Sargon, north of Babylon on the Euphrates. It declined
sharply in importance about 2000 B.C.
Calneh is nowhere attested in cuneiform. While some have
tried to find a city so named in the great Shinar region, many
have followed Albright and translated it "and all of them.”33
The second part of the Nimrod digression lists the cities he
colonized (Gen. 10:11-12). Nimrod went out to Assyria34 and
built Nineveh, Rehoboth-Ir, Calah, and Resen. Nineveh is the
most famous city of Assyria (just as Babel was for the other
region). Rehoboth-Ir could be explaining Nineveh, but probably
is the suburb of Rebit Nina. Calah is Kalhu, modern Nimrud
situated twenty miles south. Resen may be Risnu, between the
other cities. It seems that all these cities were close enough
together to be one great metropolis.
Nimrod's exploits extended over two geographical areas,
Shinar and Assyria, and included seven cities. All these are part
of the Hamitic line.35
The Table of Nations in Genesis 10 - Its Content 27
After this dlayA section, another follows: Mizraim developed
into tribes. From the Egyptians sprang the Ludim, a group of
African tribes west of the Delta;36 the Anamim, in the vicinity of
Cyrene;37 the Lehabim, the Libyans on the north African shore
(Nah. 3:9 and Dan. 11:43); the Naphtuhim, the people of the
Delta (Lower Egypt); the Pathrusim, the people of Upper Egypt;38
the Casluhim, the people who dwelt east of the Delta between
Egypt and Canaan;39 and the Caphtorim, the Cretans.40
The clause "from whence come the Philistines" is problem-
atic because of its position in the text. Scripture connects the
origin of the Philistines with Caphtor (Amos 9:7; Deut. 2:23;
Jer. 47:4), but the Caphtorim, the Cretans, come after this
clause. While some have suggested rearranging the clauses, it
may not be necessary. The clause in the Table suggests migration
and not lineage. Amos has the Philistines from Caphtor in the
same sense that Israel was from Egypt--migration and not
origination.41 The difficulty may be solved by looking at their
origin and their migration from the Aegean bases through Caph-
tor into the Delta and finally into Palestine.
But part of the problem is the general assumption that this
name is anachronistic since all sources so far attest that the
Philistines in the strict sense date from around 1200 B.C. But the
Philistines of Genesis are quite different from those of later
periods. Grintz concluded that they were different enough to
posit successive migrations of different tribes .42 He concluded
there were three migrations: the first was the migration of
Pelasgo-Philistine tribes from Casluhim (Genesis and Exodus),
the second was the movement of the Philistines from Caphtor to
Gaza, and the third was the further movement of the Pelasgo-
Philistines in the period of Rameses III. Therefore the tribes from
Mizraim are seven, and out of one come the Philistines. If this be
so, then the powerful Egyptian influence carried far north into
the Aegean.
The final Hamite line to be traced is that of the sons of
Canaan (Gen. 10:15-19). This line focuses on the peoples living
in the land promised to Israel. In fact, the section closes with
the territorial boundaries specifically given.
Once again a dlayA section is inserted to introduce the cities and
tribes. The first-begotten is Sidon, the predominant Phoenician
city.44 This suggests that the founder gave his name to the city.
Heth, the Hittites in the Old Testament, is problematic here
under Canaan. The text is listing a mixed population in Canaan,
28 Bibliotheca Sacra - January-March 1981
and so the term is justified if it describes Hittites who swept
south in vast ethnic movements.45
A series of tribes are mentioned beginning with the Jebu-
sites. The Jebusites dwelt in Jebus (Jerusalem) and were part of
the early stock of Canaanite tribes. The Amorites pose another
problem. The term can refer to a mixed population in the land in
general. It does not fit the description of the western Semites
whose center was in Mari.46 These are smaller ethnic groups that
inhabited the mountains around Jordan.
Very little is known about the Girgashites and the Hivites.
They are mentioned only in the cliche lists for Canaanites in
Edom, Shechem, and Gibeon.47 Possibly terms like "Hivite" and
"Hittite" are used pejoratively and ideologically, but as North
says, "we cannot see that all organic link of origin with those
foreign populaces is excluded."48
The rest of the list includes the Arkites, those living in Leba-
non north of Sidon; the Sinites near 'Arqa; the Arvadites, the
most northerly of Phoenician cities north of the river El Kebir; the
Zemarites, those living in the town of Sumra (modern) north of
‘Arqa; and the Hamathites, the inhabitants of Hamath on the
Orontes. Hamath, it may be noted, is the central point of the
northern boundary of the land.
It is clear that the writer wished to emphasize the names of
the Canaanites who dwelt in the land promised to Israel because
he mentions the familiar boundary notices in all directions, from
the cities of the plain to Gerar to the northern extremities. Such
an emphasis coming after the account of the curse of Canaan and
written for a people who were to dispossess these Canaanites
would have great impact.
THE SONS OF SHEM (10:21-31)
A new heading lists the relationship of Shem to Japheth (the
brother) and Eber (the descendant)--the former speaking of an
alliance based on Genesis 9 and the latter speaking of the connec-
tion in the line to the Hebrews.
The first name in the list is Elam. Descendants of Shem early
penetrated the highlands east of Babylon even though they were
later not the dominant racial or linguistic group.49 Asshur,
Shem's second son, is the name for the region and people of
Assyria. Arpachshad, the third name, is the ancestor of the
Hebrews. Arpachshad's meaning and location have caused con-
siderable speculation, but he can only be generally listed as resid-
The Table of Nations in Genesis 10 - Its Content 29
ing northeast of Nineveh.50 Lud is probably the Ludbu of the
Assyrians, situated on the Tigris. Aram is the name of the Ara-
mean tribes of antiquity living in the steppes of Mesopotamia.
The descendants from Aram--Uz, Hul, Gether, and Mash -
are not well known. They seem to be located in the north between
Armenia and Mesopotamia.51
The passage then refers to the developing line from Arpach-
shad, using the dlayA form through Shelah to Eber. One of Eber's
sons is Peleg, in whose days the earth was divided (probably
referring to the division of nations at Babel 52). Once the Table
mentions Peleg, it traces his line no further. Rather, it lists the
many tribes from Joktan, using the dlayA formula again.
The first tribe was Almodad, referring to a South Arabian
people. The second is Sheleph, another tribe of the southern
Arabian peninsula.54 Hazarmaveth, the third, is identified with
the exporter of myrrh known as Hadramaut in Southern
Arabia. Jerah and Hadoram are difficult, but are assumed to be
in the same vicinity. Uzal is the designation of San'a, the old
capital of Yemen. Diklah, the Arabic name for "date-palm," may
refer to an oasis. Obal seems to be 'Abil, a term used for several
localities in Yemen. Abimael is taken to be a genuine Sabaean
formation, with the ma being emphatic ("my father, verily, he
is God").
Sheba was also listed under Ham; the name here attests to
the fact that Joktanites lived there as well.56 Ophir and Havilah,
also listed under Ham, were southern Arabian territories rich in
gold. Jobab is assumed to be identical to Yuhaybib in South
Arabia.
These thirteen descendants of Joktan represent settled Ara-
bian tribes in the peninsula. Israel would find ancient blood ties
with the Joktanites of the desert of Arabia, as well as her relatives
to the east.
The final verse of the chapter forms the colophon-type end-
ing of the Table. All families came from the sons of Noah, but
these families listed here have significant developments (dlayA) as
far as Israel's interests are concerned.
The Meaning of the Passage
Most commentators observe that the Table demonstrates the
unity of the human race. Coming from the sons of Noah, the
survivors of the Flood were fruitful and multiplied.
30 Bibliotheca Sacra - January-March 1981
But the passage is far more complex than that. The Table is a
select list of names, and that selection must serve a purpose. The
names are names of individuals, cities, tribes, and nations
arranged according to the genealogical connections of the ances-
tors or founders. The pattern of the Table is segmented rather
than linear; it is designed to show blood ties, treaties, alliances
and other connections between existing peoples.
That the promised land is central to the Table can be seen
from the arrangement of the descendants. The Japhethites are
spread from east to west across the northern frontier; the Ham-
ites surround the land from south to west; and the Shemites are
traced from the eastern to the southern borders of the land.
Moreover, the preoccupation with the Canaanites in the land of
promise shows the concern of the writer to fit the Table to the
message of the book: the fulfillment of God's promise to bless
Israel as a nation in that land, and to bless those nations that
bless her, and curse those who are antagonistic to her.
The Table then deliberately selected these tribes and traced
their development. This was done by expanding (in the dlayA ["be-
got"] sections) important elements found in the basic genealogy
(the yneB; ["sons of"] structure). From the heading (tOdlOT, "particu-
lars") it is clear that the passage was designed to do just this. The
purpose of this tOdl;OT in Genesis is to trace what became of
Noah's descendants, but the particular items included in this
genealogy were selected because of their significance for Israel.
The tOdl;OT of the yneB; Noah moves in four directions (in each of
the dlayA sections). Through these four sections the genealogy
focuses on the dominant kingdoms of Assyria and Shinar, the
powerful Egyptian tribes, the Canaanite tribes in their lands, and
the Arabian tribes of the line of Shem. These are peoples with
whom the new nation of Israel would have dealings in accord with
the oracle of Noah in Genesis 9.
According to Genesis, the new nation of Israel was to be
blessed as God's people in the land of Canaan. God's plan to bless
Israel involved the movement, displacement, and subjugation of
other peoples. The oracle of Noah in Genesis 9 anticipated the
blessing for Shem, along with Japheth, and the cursing of Ca-
naan, a son of Ham. This Table in Genesis 10 gives direction to
that oracle. It presents the lines of Shem and Japheth as pure
tribal groups around the promised land; it also presents the old
block of Hamites, especially the mixed races in the land of Ca-
naan, as the predominant powers on the earth. The dlayA sections
The Table of Nations in Genesis 10--Its Content 31
identify these tribes for Israel and signify their relationship to the
blessing or cursing.
Notes
1 Allen P. Ross, "The Table of Nations in Genesis 10-Its Structure," Bibliotheca
Sacra 137 (October-December 1980):340-53.
2 Apollodorus The Library 1. 2-3, Loeb Classical Library (Cambridge: Harvard
University Press, 1921), p. 12; Hesiod Works and Days, lines 50, 54, and
Theogany, lines 507-12, 543, Loeb Classical Library (Cambridge: Harvard Uni-
versity Press, 1914), pp. 6, 116, 118.
3 David Neiman, "The Two Genealogies of Japheth," Alter Orient and Altes
Testament 22 (1973):124.
4 E. Dhorme, "Les Peuples issus de Japhet d'apres le chapitre X de la Genese,"
Syria 13 (1932):28-49; Donald J. Wiseman, "Genesis 10: Some Archaeological
Considerations," 925th Ordinary General Meeting of the Victoria Institute,
December 6, 1954, p. 17.
5 They are listed in Assyrian as Gimirraya, and in Greek as Kimmerioi (Odys-
sey 11. 14 and Herodotus 1. 15, 103; 4. 1-142). Speiser identifies them with
Cymry as in the Welsh (E. A. Speiser, Genesis, The Anchor Bible [Garden City, NY:
Doubleday & Co., 1964], p. 63).
6 Josephus Antiquities of the Jews 1. 122-29. Skinner identified them with
barbarians called Ga-ga (John Skinner, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary
on Genesis [Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 19101, p. 197); Speiser related the name
to Gyges of Lydia and Gogaia in the Amarna Letters (Speiser, Genesis, p. 66).
7 They are called Yamanai in Sargon's texts, Ym'n in the fourteenth century Ras
Shamra tablets, and Ye-uan-(n)a in Egyptian referring to the Sea Peoples.
For a discussion of the identification of Javan with the twelve settlements iii
western Asia Minor, see Cassuto, From Noah to Abraham (Jerusalem: Magnes
Press, 1953), p. 190.
8 Wiseman says they are the same as the Hittite Tipal and Tibar district which
Naram Sin traversed around 2200 B.C. (Wiseman, "Genesis 10: Some Archaeolog-
ical Considerations," p. 18). Herodotus located the region in the north on the shore
of the Black Sea (Herodotus 3. 94); Josephus called them Cappadocians (Antiqui-
ties of the Jews 1. 122-29).
9 Thucydides 4. 109; Herodotus 1. 57, 59.
10 The connection with the Etruscans, suggested by Dhorme, is supported by
Wiseman. It would be comparable to the classical Tursanioi.
11 See Francis Brown, S. R. Driver, and Charles A. Briggs, A Hebrew and
English Lexicon of the Old Testament (Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, 1907), p.
79. They identify the word as Ascan(ians) with the az ending of Armenian
patronymics. The texts of Esarhaddon list Asguzai in the Lake Urmia region.
12 A textual problem makes the identification difficult; 1 Chronicles 1:6 has a'1
for the r. Since so little is known of the name, it is impossible to argue the case.
13 Hittite writings of Marsilis II (fourteenth century B. C.) list a district known as
Tagarma north of the road from Haran to Carchemish (Cassuto, From Noah to
Abraham, p. 192).
14 The name is listed on Amarna and Hittite lists. Excavations show these
people supplied purple to Tyre before being displaced by the Philistines around
1200 B.C. (Y. Lynn Holmes, "The Location of Alashiya," Journal of the American
Oriental Society 91 [19711:426-29).
15 The meaning of Tarshish is "foundry," according to David Neiman: the ships
of Tarshish carried iron ore ("Phoenician Place-Names," Journal of Near Eastern
Studies 24 (1965):113-15), Albright suggested Sardinia ("New Light on the Early
32 Bibliotheca Sacra - January-March 1981
History of Phoenician Colonization" Bulletin of the American Schools of
Oriental Research 83 [19411:14-22). Herodotus had identified it with Spain's
Tartassos (Herodotus 1. 163; 4. 152; see also Strabo 3. 151).
16 It is still a designation of the Greeks in later literature (1 Mace. 1:1; 8:5;
Babylonian Talmud Ta'anith 5b).
17 Neiman, "The Two Genealogies of Japheth," p. 121 (cf. Iliad 2. 750; 16.233-34
Odyssey 14. 327; 19. 296; Apollodorus The Library 1. 9, 16).
18 Neiman thinks it is related to the Egyptian term for "Black Land," for that title
of their land in Bohairic is Khemi; but the Hieroglyphic Egyptian begins with K
(Neiman, "The Two Genealogies of Japheth," p. 122).
19 T. Save-Soderbergh, "The Nubian Kingdom of the Second Intermediate
Period," Kush 4 (1956):54-61.
20 Kenneth A. Kitchen, "Punt and How to Get There," Orientalia, n.s. 4
(1971):184-207; Wendell Phillips, Qataban and Sheba (New York: Harcourt
Brace, & Co., 1955), p. 108.
21 The connection between the two is phonetically problematic, not only be
cause of the "n" in Punt, but also because of the "t" as against the "t" of Punt
which is only a feminine termination (J. Simons, "The 'Table of Nations' [Gen. 10]
Its General Structure and Meaning," Oudtestamentische Studien 10 [ 1954]:179)
22 The Greek and Latin versions refer to it as Libya. Josephus says Libya was
founded by Phoutes (Antiquities of the Jews 1. 132). Jubilees 9:1 takes it as Libya,
and Libyan mercenaries are well known from extra-biblical literature (but
Puntians are not) (Simons, "The 'Table of Nations,"' p. 180).
23 John C. L. Gibson, "Observations on Some Important Ethnic Terms in th
Pentateuch," Journal of Near Eastern Studies 20 (1961):217.
24 B. Maisler, "Canaan and the Canaanites," Bulletin of theAmerican Schools o
Oriental Research 102 (1946):7-12; E. A. Speiser, "The Name Phoinikes,"
Language 12 (1936):121-26.
25 Robert North, "The Hivites," Biblica 54 (1973):51.
26 The Memphis Stele of Amenophis II mentions 640 Canaanites in a social
standing (not ethnic); and the Tell El Amarna letters (EA 9, 19) mention ki-na-ha-
a-a-u. See Gibson, "Observations on Some Important Ethnic Terms," p. 217. .
27 James A. Montgomery, Arabia and the Bible (New York: KTAV Publishing
House, 1969).
28 Ibid., p. 42.
29 Cassuto, among others, believed that it had first been northern on the
peninsula, and then moved south around the eighth century B.C. (Cassuto, From
Noah to Abraham, p. 199).
30 Wiseman, "Genesis 10: Some Archaeological Considerations," p. 17; Bohl
"Babel and Bibel, " p. 115. Speiser takes him to be Tukulti-Ninurta I, an early ruler
of Assyria ("In Search of Nimrod," Oriental and Biblical Studies [Philadelphia
University of Pennsylvania Press, 1967], pp. 41-52).
31 The Septuagint renders dyica rOBGi as "the hunting giant," the Arabic as "the
terrible tyrant," and the Syriac as " the warlike giant." Midrash Rabbah 37:2 says
he snared people (see also Yoma 10a, and Josephus Antiquities of the Jews 1. 113-14).
32 Wiseman suggests that since Erech is written Uruk or Unuk in Sumerian, it
might be the city named after Enoch. Enoch's son was Irad, and he may have
founded Eridu (Wiseman, "Genesis 10: Some Archaeological Considerations," p 20).
33 J. A. Thompson, "Samaritan Evidence for 'All of them in the land of Shinar
(Gen. 10:10)," Journal of Biblical Literature 90 (1971):99-102.
34 It is possible to translate it "Asshur went out," but it is probably better to take
it the other way since the story is about Nimrod's exploits, and the preceding was
only the beginning.
35 Wiseman points out that archaeology shows that the earliest inhabitant
The Table of Nations in Genesis 10 - Its Content 33
and languages of the region were not Semitic. Before 2600 the civilization is
"Sumerian." Moreover there is a direct cultural link between Assyria, Babylonia,
and Egypt (Wiseman, "Genesis 10: Some Archaeological Considerations," p. 21).
36 Cassuto, From Noah to Abraham, p. 200. Los connects them to Lydian (Asia
Minor) mercenaries (F. J. Los, "The Table of Peoples of the Tenth Chapter of
Genesis," The Mankind Quarterly 7 [ 1967]:148).
37 Los connects them with On, the inhabitants of Heliopolis being meant
(ibid., p. 148). See also W. F. Albright, "A Colony of Cretan Mercenaries on the
Coast of the Negeb," Journal of the Palestine Oriental Society 1, 2 (1920-
22):117-94.
38 See Brown, Driver, and Briggs, who define it as "southland" and connect it
with the Akkadian Paturisi and the Egyptian P-to-rest (A Hebrew and English
Lexicon, p. 837). See also "Pathros"' in Isaiah 11:11 and Jeremiah 44:1.
39 Leupold thinks they may have come from Crete, earlier than the Philistines,
as part of the swarms of nations mixing with Egyptians (H. C. Leupold, Exposition
of Genesis [Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953], p. 370).
40 They are identified with Keftiu ("the region beyond"), referring to the
Mediterranean in the Egyptian language (Skinner, Genesis, p. 214).
41 Kenneth A. Kitchen, "The Philistines," in Peoples of Old Testament Times,
ed. Donald J. Wiseman (Oxford: At. the Clarendon Press, 1973), pp. 53-54.
42 J. M. Grintz, "The Immigration of the First Philistines in the Inscriptions"
[Hebrew], Tarbiz 17 (1945):32-42; "Notes on the Immigration of the First Philis-
tines in the Inscriptions" [Hebrew], Tarbiz 19 (1947):64.
43 A. Van Selms, "The Canaanites in the Book of Genesis," Oudtestamentische
Studien 12 (1958):182-213.
44 Wiseman points out that the Table must go back before the thirteenth
century due to the omission of Tyre (Wiseman, "Genesis 10: Some Archaeological
Considerations," p. 21).
45 See Hans Giiterback, "Toward a Definition of the Term Hittite," Oriens 10
(1975):233-39; Harry A. Hoffner, "Some Contributions of Hittitology to Old
Testament Study," Tyndale Bulletin 20 (1969):37; and Gibson, "Observations on
Some Important Ethnic Terms in the Pentateuch," p. 225. Of course if Genesis 10
is talking about the very beginnings, then there is no need to look for migrations.
But the Hattians or Nesites, the people of Hatti, remain a problem.
46 Alfred Halder, Who Were the Amorites? (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1971), pp. 20, 65-
66; Giorgio Buccellati, The Amorites of the Ur III Period (Naples: Institutio
Orientals di Napoli, 1966); M. Liverani, "The Amorites," in Peoples of Old Testa-
ment Times, p. 102.
47 North said the Hivites must represent the Horites or Hurrian element ("The
Hivites," p. 44).
48 Ibid., p. 61.
49 Arno Poebel, "The Name of Elam in Sumerian, Akkadian, and He-
brew," American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures 48 (1931):20-
37:2 says 26• See also Wiseman, "Genesis 10: Some Archaeological Considerations,
p. 22.
50 Several have tried to connect Arpachshad with the Kasdim, or Chaldeans
(e-g•, Los, The Table of Peoples of the Tenth Chapter of Genesis,” p. 158).
51 B. Maisler, The Genealogy of the Sons of Nahor and the Historical Back-
ground of the Book of Job" [Hebrew], Zion 11 (1946):1-16.
52 See the author's article, "The Dispersion of the Nations in Genesis 11:1-9, in
the forthcoming April-June 1981 issue of Bibliotheca Sacra.
53 Most take this to be a combination of the article lxa plus ddAOm ("friend”).
54 Silph is a district of Yemen, and Salph a Yemenite tribe (G. R. Driver, "Notes
34 Bibliotheca Sacra - January-March 1981
in Some Recently Recovered Proper Names, Bulletin of the American Schools of
Oriental Research 90 [1943]:34).
55 Phillips notes that even today tribesmen of Hadramaut proudly state they are
descendants of Joktan, supposed by them to be Qahtan, great-great-great-
grandson of Shem, son of Noah, and legendary ancestor of all South Arabians
(Phillips, Qataban and Sheba, pp. 28-29).
56 Gus W. Van Beck, "Prolegomenon," in Montgomery, Arabia and the Bible, pp
xiii-xv. He suggests that there were commercial and ethnic affinities

Click for more photos

... ...

tintin wrote:



The biggest MASSACRE in australian history was in
Port Arthur.

tintin wrote:24-07-2011, 06:43 PM #29723

Norway and Winehouse. I
Quote:

Originally Posted by cori Okay, look at this Tintin: Winehouse, btw., also links to Winnenden Win Win Win Win Win..... but here is Tom Cruise: Tom Cruise 4th of july = 2+2 july Married to I am somewhat sure, that Holmes is originally a name from . it pops up as british name allover the place, but that can't be. here is the interesting Wiki explaination Holmes is a geographical surname of English origin.[1] The name is first recorded in Lancashire, North West England. Since "holm" is a Scandinavian word meaning "a small island", people bearing the name might either have a Scandinavian ancestry or have a surname derived from a place which gained its name from a Scandinavian presence at some past time (e.g. presence of Scandinavians in early medieval Britain during the Danelaw. A small island.... (Holm) UTOYA ... perfect match, probably the most typical 'small island' there is the amok island has the shape of a HEART!! Lena... Set Alight... Telenor Arena /Terror Oslo "I heart you" about 90 teenagers shot on the little heart island ...by ABB that another costume? some media report, ABB is a freemason. The whole thing is unreal, almost absurd..

Quote:

Originally Posted by cori No attack happened at BERLIN on june 26, as some expected... but that day, that finale soccer game, showed us exactly, what would happen: here you see Hope Solo with Wulff, who also welcomed Lena when she was back from Oslo: HOPE SOLO LOST. Japan won the tournament. The decision was made through penalty kicks, after the game ended 2:2 (22!) In german thats called 11 METRES shooting for the ball has to be kicked off 11 metres from the goal. 11 = 4+7 = 2+2+7 = JULY 22 11 = 11 or 23 o'clock = 32 = Winnenden = age of ABB = 32 (and btw. also 32 dead in china train crash same day) 11 = 9+2 = 92 victims (so far tonight) last but not least 11 = ELEVEN = elves = fairies = demons 11 METRES : MET = WINE = WINEhouse = WIN = WINNENDEN = AMOK Lena won at TELENOR ARENA OSLO Lena + = Rena. Norway's Rena is the place where ABB has his geofarm 'I heart you' and the amok island shaped like a heart (Hope Solo's dad is a Vetnam veteran and hence links to Cruises '4th of july'+ Katie Holmes. Holm means 'small island' see above) On Lena-day, jimmy jump HOPPED the stage and HOPPER died. HOPPER and HOPE. Hope Solo lost and then there was NO HOPE for OSLO Hope Solo originally from Richland, Washington. It was home of WWII nuclear center 'Hanford Site http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanford_Site Lena is from Han_over. Winnenden and all the HAHN 's. Now look at this about Hope Solo's Richland: Richlands high school sportteam is called The bombers and their logo is the atomic mushroom ...and ABBy was the BOMB what a load of absurd bullshit reality

Holmes
ABB
ABB is the Terrorist.

ABBA Stockholm
ABBA is a STOCKHOLM band.

Napoleon
WATERLOO and NAPOLEON.
An ISLAND completely surrounded by WATER.
People were trying to SWIM to safety.

Same THING !

tintin wrote:



The biggest MASSACRE in australian history was in
Port Arthur.

true lilly wrote:Let's do a word-association test.
When I say
"billionaire's private island" and "$7900 a night",
what sort of picture comes to mind?

However wild your imagination,
I'd stake the personal fortunes of Richard Branson
and Brett Godfrey that your mental snapshots
look nothing like Makepeace Island.

Branson's private island
Makepeace Island,
Richard Branson's private island
in the Noosa River is now up for rent.

In July, the cashed-up cohorts
opened their heart-shaped island
on the Noosa River to the public.
With a minimum of eight people
or a maximum party of 22
the island and its 11-room retreat is yours for a night.
The cost includes staff, chef and everything you can eat; alcohol is extra.

Makepeace Island is one of Australia's
most expensive single-ticket accommodations.
Once called Pig Island, the 10-hectare patch of gum trees and mangroves
sits in the broad, estuarine waters of the Noosa River.

The island has been occupied by a reclusive old woman
named "Shotgun Hannah" Makepeace, coteries of hippies and an artist.
Now CAREFULLY Read the
'The NEWS Behind The NEWS' Thread,
of "tintin/CRUISE"
from (at least), last night, on,
To SEE HIM STACKING UP These
SAME CODE KEYS ...and, more:
UPDATING "their" NEXT PLOT!
http://forum.davidicke.com/showthread.php?t=11956&page=3092
http://forum.davidicke.com/showthread.php?t=11956&page=3093
http://forum.davidicke.com/showthread.php?t=11956&page=3094
And in a "dixie d" LINK at the last link:
"A non-specialist
would not have been able
to understand
all the data,

the Japanese
ministry of transport
was quoted as saying,
as much of it
was presented
in numerical form."

true lilly wrote:Obama pays tribute to Australia

10:35PM
Phillip Hudson,
BARACK Obama thanks Australia
for its steadfast and heartfelt support
on the 10th anniversary of the
September 11 terror attacks.

Full text:Obama's letter of thanks to Australia
September 11 anniversary:
Barack Obama writes letter of thanks
to Julia Gillard

Barack Obama
From: No Source
September 11, 2011
7:12PM


Barack Obama thanks Australia
for its enduring support on September 11
and the decade since. AFP

THE following text is a letter
from US President Barack Obama
to Prime Minister Julia Gillard
expressing America's appreciation
for Australia's support on September 11
and the decade since.

Dear Prime Minister,
As we approach the 10th anniversary of the September 11 attacks,
I want to take this opportunity to express our enduring appreciation
for the close partnership and support we have received from Australia
on that fateful day and in the decade since.

Australia's support on September 11, 2001, and in the days after was extraordinary.

Prime Minister Howard was in Washington on September 11,
preparing to address a Joint Session of Congress on the occasion of
the 50th anniversary of our security alliance.

While his address had to be postponed, his heartfelt words of support and sympathy
on that day, and in the days and weeks that followed, eloquently described the depth
of the United States-Australian partnership.

Australia's quick declaration that these attacks were an assault on the values
and freedoms shared by our two countries comforted us; your invocation of
Article IV of the ANZUS Treaty strengthened our resolve to prevail over this menace.

Americans were moved by the expressions of sympathy from so many Australians citizens, and we shared your grief at the loss of 11 Australians in the September 11 attacks.

In the decade since the attacks, we have had no more steadfast partner than Australia
in our effort to defeat terrorists in Afghanistan, in Bali, in the Middle East, and in
Southeast Asia.

Australia's robust cooperation in these efforts has made a tremendous contribution
to achieving the alliance goals we share, and has won the lasting affection and
gratitude of Americans.

As the United States and Australia stand on the cusp of our alliance's seventh decade,
I assure you I will continue to do everything I can to work with you to deepen that partnership, to ensure the security of our nations and our citizens, not
and in the future.

Related Coverage
Freedom = vigilance Courier Mail, 1 hour ago
Obama pays tribute to Australia Herald Sun, 11 minutes ago
Obama: US not waiver in terror fight The Daily Telegraph, 20 minutes ago
Dark day transformed two nations The Australian, 1 day ago
Access anxiety The Australian, 4 day ago

When I saw,
"From: No Source"
(besides the 'need' to 'twice add',
Julia Gillard's name, when it was not there),
I could tell there was going to be something,
in, This, Very Important, Very Official, HISTORIC
Letter, that no one dare put their name to.

Like that LAST LINE "typo", of "Valley Girl Speak",
"I assure you...NOT!...and in the future. ..."

As the United States and Australia
stand on the cusp of our alliance's seventh decade,
I assure you I will continue to do everything I can
to work with you to deepen that partnership,
to ensure the security of our nations
and our citizens, not
and in the future.

And as anyone who's studied
"tintin's" CODE SPEAK knows, CHANGING JUST ONE,
little letter, MAKES A WHOLE MESS of Difference.
What IS, becomes, what IS BEING SAID.

Also, why did the AFP
(Agence France-Presse, a news agency),
CROP OUT, "SEAL of" and "STATES",
and put it's name to the deed?


But Google, "afp" or "AFP" (*See below.),
and though I'm searching from Australia and
other country's may get different results,
it's all that's offered, in the order it's offered,
that also, 'says' a lot, though as usual, I've
had to remove the code that makes the cached
likes, 'live', and some other code that 'insists on'
showing here, and makes what Google shows,
virtually illegible.

And yes, there is much more besides, 'said' in this strangely presented,
strangely worded, MAJOR, LEADING REPORT, in Murdoch's HERALD SUN,
that it's not right to try to explain it all to the willingly deceived, and
'those who know', already know.
_________________________________
*

1. AFP Homepage - Australian Federal Police
   www.afp.gov.au/ - Cached
   The Australian Federal Police (AFP) is a progressive and multi-faceted law enforcement organisation taking a strong lead in the fight against 21st century crime.
   
   

   National Police Checks www.afp.gov.au/.../police-checks/nati... The Australian Federal Police ... Current vacancies www.afp.gov.au/.../current-vacancies... A career with the AFP can take ... Jobs@AFP www.afp.gov.au/jobs.aspx A career with the AFP can take ...	Contact www.afp.gov.au/contact.aspx Emergency contact, Request ... Police/Criminal history checks www.afp.gov.au/.../police-checks.asp... We provide assistance under the ... Media centre www.afp.gov.au/media-centre.aspx Multimedia and news items, The ...

   ►
   
2. RACGP | AFP Home
   www.racgp.org.au/afp - Cached
   2009
   6 days ago – Australian Family Physician is the official journal of the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners.
   
3. AFP - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AFP - Cached
   AFP. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Jump to: navigation, search. Look up AFP in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. AFP may refer to: Contents. 1 Media; 2 ...
   
4. Apple Filing Protocol - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Filing_Protocol - Cached
   The Apple Filing Protocol(AFP) is a network protocol that offers file ...
   
5. Agence France-Presse - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agence_France-Presse - Cached
   Agence France-Presse (AFP) is a French news agency, the oldest one in the ...
   
   Show more results from wikipedia.org
   
6. AFP.com - International News, Photos, Videos, Graphics, World
   www.afp.com/afpcom/en/ - Cached
   STOCKHOLM (AFP)
   - Swedish police in the southwestern city of Gothenburg have arrested
   four people suspected of preparing a terror attack, Swedish media ...
   
7. AFP
   news.smh.com.au/action/displayCopyrightNotice?...AFP - Cached
   AFP stories and photos shall not be published, broadcast, rewritten for broadcast or ... AFP news material may not be stored in whole or in part in any electronic ...
   
8. Australian Federal Police Association
   www.afpa.org.au/ - Cached
   2 Sep 2011 – The Australian Federal Police Association represents the professional, industrial and social interests of all employees of the Australian Federal ...
   
9. AFP embracing Gov 2.0 - social media, Australian Federal Police ...
   www.computerworld.com.au/article/399680/afp_embracing_gov_2_0/
   6 days ago – National crime fighting agency, the Australian Federal Police, is discovering openness and transparency and policing aren't mutually exclusive.
   
10. Absolute Fitness Professionals
    www.afp.com.au/ - Cached
    Absolute Fitness Professionals. About Us; Services. Biosignature Modulation · Exercise Physiology · Personal Training · Sports Conditioning · Rehabilitation ...
    

Searches related to AFP
afp photos
afp wiki
afp police check
afp form
afp press
afp jobs
afp media
afp clearance

And now, in this HERALD SUN Update,
doesn't THE IMAGE CHOSEN to go "with" THE WORDS CHOSEN,
combine to "TELL A DIFFERENT STORY"...

...seems Mrs. Obama is doing all she can, to stop herself from,
OPENLY CACKLING! Showing a face not unlike, THE IMAGE CHOSEN
to go with the Update below it, on Julia Gillard's position...
Gillard faces week of tough tests

Phillip Hudson
PM in crucial week as she moves
to revive the Malaysian solution,
introduce carbon tax legislation
and stare down leadership talk.
(JUST NOW CHANGED TO:
JULIA Gillard set to try and revive
the Malaysian solution, introduce
carbon tax legislation and battle
more negative poll results.)
1 comment on this story

Hunger strike: Desperate kids plead for freedom

true lilly wrote:Well, someone didn't like that last post...yet another
major hack attack, of denying internet service to all 3 computers running
in this house, while, VIA THE INTERNET, THAT WAS CONNECTED AND RUNNING,
all 3 computers were being 'run through'. The timing worked for me though...and
showed those who need to know, what they need to know...those that are trusted,
are not to be trusted. And yet again, I was proven to know, when I needed to know,
what I couldn't know, without trusting the revealing truth of God's Word.

tintin wrote:Israel, Hamlet and Tanzania. III
Quote:

Originally Posted by cori Okay, look at this Tintin: Winehouse, btw., also links to Winnenden Win Win Win Win Win..... but here is Tom Cruise: Tom Cruise 4th of july = 2+2 july Married to I am somewhat sure, that Holmes is originally a name from Norway. it pops up as british name allover the place, but that can't be. here is the interesting Wiki explaination A small island.... (Holm) UTOYA ... perfect match, probably the most typical 'small island' there is the amok island has the shape of a HEART!! Lena... Set Alight... Telenor Arena /Terror Oslo "I heart you" about 90 teenagers shot on the little heart island The whole thing is unreal, almost absurd.

The ISLAND has the shape of a HEART.
Running scared
RUNNING SCARED wins the HEART song contest
and they were RUNNING SCARED on the HEART Island.


That's ... reversed.
(31 and 13, the BLOODLINE link)

dixie d wrote: 11-09-2011, 12:57 PM #30943
I noticed this article in the News...

UK poppy-growing program kept hush-hush

I just wondered if there might be a link to Hush Puppies

Quote:

Hush Puppies is an international brand of contemporary, casual footwear for men, women and children. The shoes have been described as "the classic American brushed-suede shoes with the lightweight crepe sole".[1] A division of Wolverine Worldwide, Hush Puppies is headquartered in Rockford, Michigan.

Wolverine Wroldwide

Quote:

In addition, the Hush Puppies name is licensed for non-footwear fashion categories, including clothing, eyewear and plush toys.

Plush Toys

Quote:

In 1903 Richard Steiff designed a soft bear that differed from earlier traditional rag dolls because it was made of plush furlike fabric.[1] At the same time in the USA, Morris Michtom created the first teddy bear, after being inspired by a drawing of Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt with a bear cub.[2] The character Peter Rabbit from English author Beatrix Potter was the first stuffed toy to be patented, in 1903.

Teddy Bear
Last edited by dixie d; 11-09-2011 at 01:04 PM.

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el kabong wrote:

true lilly wrote:

but,

the way that you say it...[/i][/u][/color] [/size]

SEE! UNDERSTAND!
That The Word's have DIFFERENT,
DESCRIPTIVE, ROOT MEANINGS,
depending on The TIME, PLACE
and CONTEXT they are used,
and apply!


[/color]MANY GENERATIONS AFTER NOAH,
YET "YOU" ALL LIE
that NOAH
"was after The Land Divided"
and
"landed on the YET UNFORMED,
Mount Ararat".

"YOU" ALL DENY THE WORD OF GOD,
to FORCE BELIEF IN "YOUR" FALSE,
INSANELY TOO SHORT,
"out of Egypt", "time-line".[/b][/color]

SEE, UNDERSTAND, that man's words,
like man, ARE LIMITED, whereas,
GOD IS LIMITLESS, like
THE FULL, DEEP, DESCRIPTIVE
ROOT MEANINGS of
EACH WORD of GOD'S WORD.

[size=24] Ahoy!!!! suzy woo woo!!!! Follow your own advice!!!!


The Kloo Store is open!!!!! The words you are talking about ORIGINALLY were scribed in Hebrew, at Sinai. Circa approximately 1,500 BCE............examine this authentic scientific Timeline............Notice, if you will when the Landmasses SEPARATED..........Notice if you will the Oxidization of the Atmosphere.......before you babble anymore nonsense acquire the Genesis Enigma by Andrew Parker......all you are doing is Antisemitic/judeophobic propaganda replacement bullshit...... ..


http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/timeline.html



Counting Backwards from Now

60 years ago - Invention of the computer.

130 years ago - Invention of the telephone.

180 years ago - Fossil fuel revolution: coal, trains.

540 years ago - Invention of the printing press.

5,500 years ago - Invention of the wheel, writing.

7,600 years ago - Sahara desert starts forming in northern Africa.

8,800 years ago - The first cities.

10,300 years ago - End of the most recent glacial period: the Wisconsin glaciation.

12,700 - 11,500 years ago - the Younger Dryas.

18,000 years ago - Cultivation of plants, herding of animals. Homo sapiens arrives in the Americas.

21,000 years ago - Last glacial maximum: ice sheets down to the Great Lakes, the mouth of the Rhine, and covering the British Isles.

32,000 years ago - Oldest known cave paintings.

35,000 years ago - Invention of the calendar, extinction of Homo neanderthalensis. Homo sapiens arrives in Europe.

50,000 years ago - Homo sapiens arrives in central Asia.

100,000 years ago - Homo sapiens arrives in the Middle East.

110,000 years ago - Beginning of the most recent glacial period: the Wisconsin glaciation.

130,000 years ago - Beginning of the Eemian interglacial.

200,000 years ago - Beginning of the 2nd most recent glacial period: the Wolstonian glaciation.

250,000 years ago - First Homo sapiens.

350,000 years ago - First Homo neanderthalensis.

380,000 years ago - Beginning of the Hoxnian interglacial.

450,000 years ago - Beginning of the 3rd most recent glacial period: the Kansan glaciation, during which ice sheets reached their maximum extent in the Pleistocene, down to Kansas and Slovakia.

620,000 years ago - Beginning of the Cromerian interglacial.

1.4 million years ago - First firemaking by humans.

1.9 million years ago - First Homo erectus.

2.5 million years ago - First Homo habilis. Beginning of a period of repeated glaciation (loosely speaking, "ice ages").

3 million years - Cooling trend causes year-round ice to form at the North Pole.

3.9 million years ago - First known Australopithecus afarensis.

5 million years ago - Humans split off from other apes (gorillas and chimpanzees).

21 million years ago - Apes split off from other monkeys.

24 million years ago - Cooling trend causes the formation of grasslands; Antarctica becomes covered with ice.

34 million years ago - Gondwanaland finishes breaking up, with Australia and South America separating from Antarctica.

50 million years ago - India begins to collide with Asia, eventually forming the Himalayas.

67 million years ago - Asteroid hit Mexico, causing the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction. End of dinosaurs. 50% of all species died out! Intensification of world cooling trend.

114 million years ago - First modern mammals. World begins to cool.

150 million years ago - First birds.

200 million years ago - Pangaea began to split into separate continents: Gondwana to the south and Laurasia to the north, separated by the Tethys Sea.




205 million years ago - The Triassic-Jurassic extinction. End of large amphibians and many reptiles.

235 million years ago - First dinosaurs, flowers.

250 million years ago - The Permian-Triassic extinction. 90% of all species died out! Formation of the supercontinent Pangaea, with surrounding ocean Panthalassa.



313 million years ago - First reptiles.

365 million years ago - The Late Devonian extinction. 70% of marine species died out! First amphibians, trees.

395 million years ago - First insects on land.

415 million years ago - The Old Red Sandstone Continent, also known as Laurussia, is formed by the collision of Baltica and Laurentia at the beginning of the Devonian.

440 million years ago - The Ordovician-Silurian extinction. Most marine species died out.

670 million years ago - First animals.

630-850 million years ago - The Cryogenian Period, also known as Snowball Earth - the worst ice age in the Earth's history.

800 million years ago - The supercontinent Rodinia begins to break up.

1 billion years ago - Formation of the supercontinent Rodinia

1.3 billion years ago - First plants.

1.6 billion years ago - First blue-green algae.

2.4 billion years ago - The Great Oxidation Event: the Earth's atmosphere gets oxygen.

3 billion years ago - Formation of the first known continent, Ur.

3.8 - 4 billion years ago - The Late Heavy Bombardment: a period during which the Earth, Moon, Venus and Mars were subjected to many asteroid impacts, after a relatively calm period of several million years.

4 billion years ago - First life on Earth.

4.45 billion years ago - Formation of Earth complete; storm of asteroid impacts.

4.5 billion years ago - Formation of the Moon: according to the Giant Impact Hypothesis, this happened when Theia collided with proto-Earth.

4.55 billion years ago - Formation of the Solar System.

13.3 billion years ago - Reionization: the first stars heat and ionize hydrogen gas.

13.3 - 13.7 billion years ago - The Dark Ages, after the formation of hydrogen and before the first stars.

13.7 billion years ago - The Big Bang: beginning of the universe as we know it!

http://www.ancientscripts.com/protosinaitic.html

Type Consonantal Alphabetic
Genealogy Proto-Sinaitic
Location West Asia
Time 1900 BCE to 1100 BCE
Direction Variable





FYI: Genesis 10 is known as The Table of Nations, the Nations evolved millions of years after the landmasses divided.

http://faculty.gordon.edu/hu/bi/Ted_Hildebrandt/OTeSources/01-Genesis/Text/Articles-Books/Ross-TableNations-BSac.pdf

Studies in the Book of Genesis
Part 3:
The Table of Nations in
Genesis 10--Its Content
Allen P. Ross
The previous article in this series dealt with the structure of
the Table of Nations in Genesis 10.1 The deliberate design in its
construction, symmetry, and unity were examined in an effort to
understand its purpose as a tOdl;OT. But in addition to the evi-
deuce from its structure, there is a wealth of information about
the nations of the world that is important for the complete under-
standing of this chapter within the message of Genesis.
The Analysis of the Passage
The heading of the chapter (Gen. 10:1) declares that this is
the record of the particulars of what became of Shem, Ham, and
Japheth after the Flood. The verse serves not only as a heading for
the Table, but also as a literary connection back to Genesis 9:18
and 28. It is to be read with the oracle of Noah in mind!
THE SONS OF JAPHETH (10:2-5)
In the listing of Noah's sons, Japheth usually comes last. But
here he is first because the tribes descended from Japheth were
spread across the remote lands of the north and therefore were
less involved in Israel's history.
The connection of Japheth and ]Iapeto<j of the Greek tradi-
tion is striking.2 In both Greek and Hebrew traditions, then,
]Iapeto<j was the ancestor of the Greeks. Genesis, however, shows
him to be fully human.3 He is simply the ancestor of many north-
22
The Table of Nations in Genesis 10 - Its Content 23
ern tribes who were non-Semitic in physiognomy, language, and
custom.4
The sons of Japheth are seven. Gomer, mentioned also in
Ezekiel 38:6, represents the Cimmerians, thought to be of the
same stock as the Scythians.5 Magog is also mentioned in Ezekiel
(38:2 and 39:6) as the land of Gog, the region between Armenia
and Cappadocia; the name seems to represent the Scythian
hordes southeast of the Black Sea.6 Madia (ydamA) is the normal
Hebrew word for the Medes (Isa. 13:17) or Media (2 Kings 17:6),
east of Assyria and southwest of the Caspian Sea. Even though
the Median Empire was not formed until the seventh century,
this does not mean that such a people were not known earlier as a
group in the Lake Van area. The text of Shalmaneser III refers to
them in a way that implies they were older inhabitants.
Javan is the general word for the Hellenic race, used
throughout the Old Testament for the Ionians who dwelt in
western Asia Minor.7
Tubal and Meshech are always found together in the Bible;
they represent northern military states (Ezek. 27:13; 32:26;
38:2; 39:1; and Isa. 66:19). Tubal is equivalent to Tibareni in
Pontus; and Meshech is located in the Moschian mountains near
Armenia .8 Their range was from eastern Asia Minor to the
Black Sea.
Tiras has been identified in classical writings as the Thra-
cians living in the area of the river Tiras 9 It is now popular to
identify them as the Pelasgian pirates of the Aegean coasts men-
tioned in Merneptah's list of seafaring peoples.10
From these seven, seven more were derived. From Gomer
came Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah. Ashkenaz appears to
represent a northern branch of Indo-Germanic tribes related to
the Scythians.11 Riphath may bear a remote resemblance to the
name of the river Rhebas near the Bosphorous, or the Riphaean
mountains to the west. Josephus suggested these were the
Paphlagonians.12 Togarmah seems to represent the extreme
north in Ezekiel 27:14 and 38:6.13
From Javan came four "sons"--two geographical names
and two tribal names--all of which are kin to the Greeks.
Elishah is to be identified with the place Alashiyah on the island
of Cyprus.14 Tarshish is the name of a distant coast reached only
by sea (Isa. 66:19; Jer. 10:9; Ezek. 27:12). It has been identified
with several places on the southern coasts of Asia Minor, places
founded by Phoenician shippers.15 Kittim is preserved in the
24 Bibliotheca Sacra - January-March 1981
name of Kition (or Kettion), also on the island of Cyprus;16 this
plural noun refers to the people who inhabited that island, as well
as other islands east of Rhodes.
Dodanim, the last of the four from Javan, is difficult to
identify because of a textual problem. The word, spelled "Roda-
nim" in 1 Chronicles 1:7, would represent the inhabitants of
Rhodes. But the Qere at that passage suggests the spelling
"Dodanim." Moreover, Ezekiel lists a Dedan among northern
merchants (27:15). Neiman suggests they are the Dodanoi, the
people of Dodona, the most ancient oracle in Greece.17
These descendants of Japheth may be broadly summarized
as Cimmerians, Scythians, Medes, Hellenes, and Thracians.
From the fourteen names given, the text adds that from
these the isles of the nations were divided in lands, by tongues,
after families, in nations. They dwell in remote lands and
distant isles.
It should be noted in passing that these names occur fre-
quently in prophetic writings. In Genesis the great military
hordes and western merchants are rather remote. They do not
come into play, so far as the destiny of Israel in the land is
concerned, until much later. Genesis knows something about
them, but they are far beyond the movements of the patriarchs.
They too will eventually subjugate the inhabitants of the land.
THE SONS OF HAM (10:6-20)
More attention is given to the line of Ham than to that of
Japheth or Shem. Ham's line has four branches: Cush, Mizraim,
Put, and Canaan. All four are probably place names for Nubia-
Egypt, Upper and Lower Egypt, Libya, and Phoenicia-Palestine
respectively. In addition, the descendants of these four are both
places and tribes.
Ham is the ancestor of all these people from Phoenicia to
Africa.

The etymology of the word Ham is disputed,18 but it is
used to depict countries in close proximity to Egypt.

Cush is the "eldest son" according to the plan of the Table. In
antiquity this was an independent kingdom on the southern
flank of Egypt; and especially during the reign of Kamose it
served as the backbone of the Egyptian army, helping to expel the
Asiatics (Hyksos).19 So the list begins in the far south with the
African tribes known to the Greeks as Ethiopians.

Mizraim lies to the north of Cush. The word occurs almost
ninety times in the Old Testament for Egypt.

Put is used six times in the Bible, usually representing a
warlike people used as mercenaries in the Egyptian armies (e.g.,
Ezek. 27:10).
Some connect Put with Somaliland, known as Punt
(pwn.t).20 But the identification of Put with Punt is phonetically
problematic.21 Thus the identification with Libya seems to have
more support although not by similarity of names.22

The last of the four is Canaan, which normally represents the
land of Palestine and Phoenicia with its kaleidoscopic mixture of
races, a natural result for a country which is the "bridge" of
continents.23

The name Canaan has been connected with
various etymologies including the Hurrian kinahhu, a reddish-
purple shellfish dye.24 References from antiquity show the name
is geographical. Possibly it may have been used of the merchant
class in early commercial activities.26 Exclusive to the Old
Testament is the use of the term for inhabitants of the area in a
general sense. It later came to mean the pre-Israelite population
without distinction of race or social status. These many tribes
are in some way related to Canaan, and thus are called
Canaanites.
The lines of three of these are now carried further in the
expanding list. First are listed five sons of Cush, all of whom
show expansion in Arabia.27 Seba is usually identified with
Upper Egypt on the Nile, with the ancient city of Meroe between
Berber and Khartoum. Havilah, which means "sand-land," could
fit several areas according to its usage: Ishmaelite Arab territory
(Gen. 25:18), eastern Arabia on the Persian Gulf (Gen. 10:29), the
Ethiopian coast (Gen. 10:7), or even India as an extension of the
east (Gen. 2:11). The fact that Havilah is mentioned under both
Shem and Ham shows mixing of the races: both Shemites and
Hamites lived there.

Sabtah is near the western shore of the Persian Gulf. It has
to been identified as Shabwat, ancient Hadhramaut28 Raamah
appears to have been in southwest Arabia; Sabteca is possibly to
be identified with Samudake, east toward the Persian Gulf.
So these five tribal regions in the lower sections of Arabia
were populated with descendants from Ham. Of them, Raamah
produced two other tribes: Sheba and Dedan. Sheba is the name
of the ancient kingdom in southwest Arabia whose metropolis is
Marib, forty-five miles east of Sena'a of Yemen .29 Dedan is associ-
with modern 'Ula in northern Arabia, an important trading
center from antiquity, bordering on Edom (Ezek. 25:13; 27:20).
Some of the people of Sheba and Dedan traced their ancestry
26 Bibliotheca Sacra - January-March 1981
back through the Cushite Raamah; others traced their ancestry
to Joktan in the line of Shem (10:29).
Inserted in the Table is the story of Nimrod (Gen. 10:8-12).
This is the first dlayA ("begot") section and forms a major stylistic
break from the tribal and territory names preceding it. The verse
need not be interpreted to say that Nimrod was the actual son of
Cush, but that is possible. Many attempts have been made to
identify him, but the most plausible is the reflection of the name
in Ninurta, the god of hunting and war.30
Because his name has been connected with the root dramA ("to
rebel"), and because of the statements made about him, he seems
to represent tyrannical power. Genesis 10:9 describes him as a
mightly hunter,31 a term often used for the hunting of men, and
the founder of the colossal powers of the east, which suggests he
is not just someone known for his derring-do.
Genesis 10:10 lists these cities as the "beginning" of his
kingdom: Babel, Erech, and Accad (and Calneh in the land of
Shinar). Since Babel, the well-known city of Babylon, is listed
first, it is not surprising to see it as the subject of the next
narrative (11:1-9), where it is described as the first gathering
point of the race.
Erech is the Akkadian Uruk, to be identified with ancient
Warka, the city of heroes like Gilgamesh 32 It is one hundred
miles southeast of Babylon. Accad is another ancient city, the
Agade of Sargon, north of Babylon on the Euphrates. It declined
sharply in importance about 2000 B.C.
Calneh is nowhere attested in cuneiform. While some have
tried to find a city so named in the great Shinar region, many
have followed Albright and translated it "and all of them.”33
The second part of the Nimrod digression lists the cities he
colonized (Gen. 10:11-12). Nimrod went out to Assyria34 and
built Nineveh, Rehoboth-Ir, Calah, and Resen. Nineveh is the
most famous city of Assyria (just as Babel was for the other
region). Rehoboth-Ir could be explaining Nineveh, but probably
is the suburb of Rebit Nina. Calah is Kalhu, modern Nimrud
situated twenty miles south. Resen may be Risnu, between the
other cities. It seems that all these cities were close enough
together to be one great metropolis.
Nimrod's exploits extended over two geographical areas,
Shinar and Assyria, and included seven cities. All these are part
of the Hamitic line.35
The Table of Nations in Genesis 10 - Its Content 27
After this dlayA section, another follows: Mizraim developed
into tribes. From the Egyptians sprang the Ludim, a group of
African tribes west of the Delta;36 the Anamim, in the vicinity of
Cyrene;37 the Lehabim, the Libyans on the north African shore
(Nah. 3:9 and Dan. 11:43); the Naphtuhim, the people of the
Delta (Lower Egypt); the Pathrusim, the people of Upper Egypt;38
the Casluhim, the people who dwelt east of the Delta between
Egypt and Canaan;39 and the Caphtorim, the Cretans.40
The clause "from whence come the Philistines" is problem-
atic because of its position in the text. Scripture connects the
origin of the Philistines with Caphtor (Amos 9:7; Deut. 2:23;
Jer. 47:4), but the Caphtorim, the Cretans, come after this
clause. While some have suggested rearranging the clauses, it
may not be necessary. The clause in the Table suggests migration
and not lineage. Amos has the Philistines from Caphtor in the
same sense that Israel was from Egypt--migration and not
origination.41 The difficulty may be solved by looking at their
origin and their migration from the Aegean bases through Caph-
tor into the Delta and finally into Palestine.
But part of the problem is the general assumption that this
name is anachronistic since all sources so far attest that the
Philistines in the strict sense date from around 1200 B.C. But the
Philistines of Genesis are quite different from those of later
periods. Grintz concluded that they were different enough to
posit successive migrations of different tribes .42 He concluded
there were three migrations: the first was the migration of
Pelasgo-Philistine tribes from Casluhim (Genesis and Exodus),
the second was the movement of the Philistines from Caphtor to
Gaza, and the third was the further movement of the Pelasgo-
Philistines in the period of Rameses III. Therefore the tribes from
Mizraim are seven, and out of one come the Philistines. If this be
so, then the powerful Egyptian influence carried far north into
the Aegean.
The final Hamite line to be traced is that of the sons of
Canaan (Gen. 10:15-19). This line focuses on the peoples living
in the land promised to Israel. In fact, the section closes with
the territorial boundaries specifically given.
Once again a dlayA section is inserted to introduce the cities and
tribes. The first-begotten is Sidon, the predominant Phoenician
city.44 This suggests that the founder gave his name to the city.
Heth, the Hittites in the Old Testament, is problematic here
under Canaan. The text is listing a mixed population in Canaan,
28 Bibliotheca Sacra - January-March 1981
and so the term is justified if it describes Hittites who swept
south in vast ethnic movements.45
A series of tribes are mentioned beginning with the Jebu-
sites. The Jebusites dwelt in Jebus (Jerusalem) and were part of
the early stock of Canaanite tribes. The Amorites pose another
problem. The term can refer to a mixed population in the land in
general. It does not fit the description of the western Semites
whose center was in Mari.46 These are smaller ethnic groups that
inhabited the mountains around Jordan.
Very little is known about the Girgashites and the Hivites.
They are mentioned only in the cliche lists for Canaanites in
Edom, Shechem, and Gibeon.47 Possibly terms like "Hivite" and
"Hittite" are used pejoratively and ideologically, but as North
says, "we cannot see that all organic link of origin with those
foreign populaces is excluded."48
The rest of the list includes the Arkites, those living in Leba-
non north of Sidon; the Sinites near 'Arqa; the Arvadites, the
most northerly of Phoenician cities north of the river El Kebir; the
Zemarites, those living in the town of Sumra (modern) north of
‘Arqa; and the Hamathites, the inhabitants of Hamath on the
Orontes. Hamath, it may be noted, is the central point of the
northern boundary of the land.
It is clear that the writer wished to emphasize the names of
the Canaanites who dwelt in the land promised to Israel because
he mentions the familiar boundary notices in all directions, from
the cities of the plain to Gerar to the northern extremities. Such
an emphasis coming after the account of the curse of Canaan and
written for a people who were to dispossess these Canaanites
would have great impact.
THE SONS OF SHEM (10:21-31)
A new heading lists the relationship of Shem to Japheth (the
brother) and Eber (the descendant)--the former speaking of an
alliance based on Genesis 9 and the latter speaking of the connec-
tion in the line to the Hebrews.
The first name in the list is Elam. Descendants of Shem early
penetrated the highlands east of Babylon even though they were
later not the dominant racial or linguistic group.49 Asshur,
Shem's second son, is the name for the region and people of
Assyria. Arpachshad, the third name, is the ancestor of the
Hebrews. Arpachshad's meaning and location have caused con-
siderable speculation, but he can only be generally listed as resid-
The Table of Nations in Genesis 10 - Its Content 29
ing northeast of Nineveh.50 Lud is probably the Ludbu of the
Assyrians, situated on the Tigris. Aram is the name of the Ara-
mean tribes of antiquity living in the steppes of Mesopotamia.
The descendants from Aram--Uz, Hul, Gether, and Mash -
are not well known. They seem to be located in the north between
Armenia and Mesopotamia.51
The passage then refers to the developing line from Arpach-
shad, using the dlayA form through Shelah to Eber. One of Eber's
sons is Peleg, in whose days the earth was divided (probably
referring to the division of nations at Babel 52). Once the Table
mentions Peleg, it traces his line no further. Rather, it lists the
many tribes from Joktan, using the dlayA formula again.
The first tribe was Almodad, referring to a South Arabian
people. The second is Sheleph, another tribe of the southern
Arabian peninsula.54 Hazarmaveth, the third, is identified with
the exporter of myrrh known as Hadramaut in Southern
Arabia. Jerah and Hadoram are difficult, but are assumed to be
in the same vicinity. Uzal is the designation of San'a, the old
capital of Yemen. Diklah, the Arabic name for "date-palm," may
refer to an oasis. Obal seems to be 'Abil, a term used for several
localities in Yemen. Abimael is taken to be a genuine Sabaean
formation, with the ma being emphatic ("my father, verily, he
is God").
Sheba was also listed under Ham; the name here attests to
the fact that Joktanites lived there as well.56 Ophir and Havilah,
also listed under Ham, were southern Arabian territories rich in
gold. Jobab is assumed to be identical to Yuhaybib in South
Arabia.
These thirteen descendants of Joktan represent settled Ara-
bian tribes in the peninsula. Israel would find ancient blood ties
with the Joktanites of the desert of Arabia, as well as her relatives
to the east.
The final verse of the chapter forms the colophon-type end-
ing of the Table. All families came from the sons of Noah, but
these families listed here have significant developments (dlayA) as
far as Israel's interests are concerned.
The Meaning of the Passage
Most commentators observe that the Table demonstrates the
unity of the human race. Coming from the sons of Noah, the
survivors of the Flood were fruitful and multiplied.
30 Bibliotheca Sacra - January-March 1981
But the passage is far more complex than that. The Table is a
select list of names, and that selection must serve a purpose. The
names are names of individuals, cities, tribes, and nations
arranged according to the genealogical connections of the ances-
tors or founders. The pattern of the Table is segmented rather
than linear; it is designed to show blood ties, treaties, alliances
and other connections between existing peoples.
That the promised land is central to the Table can be seen
from the arrangement of the descendants. The Japhethites are
spread from east to west across the northern frontier; the Ham-
ites surround the land from south to west; and the Shemites are
traced from the eastern to the southern borders of the land.
Moreover, the preoccupation with the Canaanites in the land of
promise shows the concern of the writer to fit the Table to the
message of the book: the fulfillment of God's promise to bless
Israel as a nation in that land, and to bless those nations that
bless her, and curse those who are antagonistic to her.
The Table then deliberately selected these tribes and traced
their development. This was done by expanding (in the dlayA ["be-
got"] sections) important elements found in the basic genealogy
(the yneB; ["sons of"] structure). From the heading (tOdlOT, "particu-
lars") it is clear that the passage was designed to do just this. The
purpose of this tOdl;OT in Genesis is to trace what became of
Noah's descendants, but the particular items included in this
genealogy were selected because of their significance for Israel.
The tOdl;OT of the yneB; Noah moves in four directions (in each of
the dlayA sections). Through these four sections the genealogy
focuses on the dominant kingdoms of Assyria and Shinar, the
powerful Egyptian tribes, the Canaanite tribes in their lands, and
the Arabian tribes of the line of Shem. These are peoples with
whom the new nation of Israel would have dealings in accord with
the oracle of Noah in Genesis 9.
According to Genesis, the new nation of Israel was to be
blessed as God's people in the land of Canaan. God's plan to bless
Israel involved the movement, displacement, and subjugation of
other peoples. The oracle of Noah in Genesis 9 anticipated the
blessing for Shem, along with Japheth, and the cursing of Ca-
naan, a son of Ham. This Table in Genesis 10 gives direction to
that oracle. It presents the lines of Shem and Japheth as pure
tribal groups around the promised land; it also presents the old
block of Hamites, especially the mixed races in the land of Ca-
naan, as the predominant powers on the earth. The dlayA sections
The Table of Nations in Genesis 10--Its Content 31
identify these tribes for Israel and signify their relationship to the
blessing or cursing.
Notes
1 Allen P. Ross, "The Table of Nations in Genesis 10-Its Structure," Bibliotheca
Sacra 137 (October-December 1980):340-53.
2 Apollodorus The Library 1. 2-3, Loeb Classical Library (Cambridge: Harvard
University Press, 1921), p. 12; Hesiod Works and Days, lines 50, 54, and
Theogany, lines 507-12, 543, Loeb Classical Library (Cambridge: Harvard Uni-
versity Press, 1914), pp. 6, 116, 118.
3 David Neiman, "The Two Genealogies of Japheth," Alter Orient and Altes
Testament 22 (1973):124.
4 E. Dhorme, "Les Peuples issus de Japhet d'apres le chapitre X de la Genese,"
Syria 13 (1932):28-49; Donald J. Wiseman, "Genesis 10: Some Archaeological
Considerations," 925th Ordinary General Meeting of the Victoria Institute,
December 6, 1954, p. 17.
5 They are listed in Assyrian as Gimirraya, and in Greek as Kimmerioi (Odys-
sey 11. 14 and Herodotus 1. 15, 103; 4. 1-142). Speiser identifies them with
Cymry as in the Welsh (E. A. Speiser, Genesis, The Anchor Bible [Garden City, NY:
Doubleday & Co., 1964], p. 63).
6 Josephus Antiquities of the Jews 1. 122-29. Skinner identified them with
barbarians called Ga-ga (John Skinner, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary
on Genesis [Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 19101, p. 197); Speiser related the name
to Gyges of Lydia and Gogaia in the Amarna Letters (Speiser, Genesis, p. 66).
7 They are called Yamanai in Sargon's texts, Ym'n in the fourteenth century Ras
Shamra tablets, and Ye-uan-(n)a in Egyptian referring to the Sea Peoples.
For a discussion of the identification of Javan with the twelve settlements iii
western Asia Minor, see Cassuto, From Noah to Abraham (Jerusalem: Magnes
Press, 1953), p. 190.
8 Wiseman says they are the same as the Hittite Tipal and Tibar district which
Naram Sin traversed around 2200 B.C. (Wiseman, "Genesis 10: Some Archaeolog-
ical Considerations," p. 18). Herodotus located the region in the north on the shore
of the Black Sea (Herodotus 3. 94); Josephus called them Cappadocians (Antiqui-
ties of the Jews 1. 122-29).
9 Thucydides 4. 109; Herodotus 1. 57, 59.
10 The connection with the Etruscans, suggested by Dhorme, is supported by
Wiseman. It would be comparable to the classical Tursanioi.
11 See Francis Brown, S. R. Driver, and Charles A. Briggs, A Hebrew and
English Lexicon of the Old Testament (Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, 1907), p.
79. They identify the word as Ascan(ians) with the az ending of Armenian
patronymics. The texts of Esarhaddon list Asguzai in the Lake Urmia region.
12 A textual problem makes the identification difficult; 1 Chronicles 1:6 has a'1
for the r. Since so little is known of the name, it is impossible to argue the case.
13 Hittite writings of Marsilis II (fourteenth century B. C.) list a district known as
Tagarma north of the road from Haran to Carchemish (Cassuto, From Noah to
Abraham, p. 192).
14 The name is listed on Amarna and Hittite lists. Excavations show these
people supplied purple to Tyre before being displaced by the Philistines around
1200 B.C. (Y. Lynn Holmes, "The Location of Alashiya," Journal of the American
Oriental Society 91 [19711:426-29).
15 The meaning of Tarshish is "foundry," according to David Neiman: the ships
of Tarshish carried iron ore ("Phoenician Place-Names," Journal of Near Eastern
Studies 24 (1965):113-15), Albright suggested Sardinia ("New Light on the Early
32 Bibliotheca Sacra - January-March 1981
History of Phoenician Colonization" Bulletin of the American Schools of
Oriental Research 83 [19411:14-22). Herodotus had identified it with Spain's
Tartassos (Herodotus 1. 163; 4. 152; see also Strabo 3. 151).
16 It is still a designation of the Greeks in later literature (1 Mace. 1:1; 8:5;
Babylonian Talmud Ta'anith 5b).
17 Neiman, "The Two Genealogies of Japheth," p. 121 (cf. Iliad 2. 750; 16.233-34
Odyssey 14. 327; 19. 296; Apollodorus The Library 1. 9, 16).
18 Neiman thinks it is related to the Egyptian term for "Black Land," for that title
of their land in Bohairic is Khemi; but the Hieroglyphic Egyptian begins with K
(Neiman, "The Two Genealogies of Japheth," p. 122).
19 T. Save-Soderbergh, "The Nubian Kingdom of the Second Intermediate
Period," Kush 4 (1956):54-61.
20 Kenneth A. Kitchen, "Punt and How to Get There," Orientalia, n.s. 4
(1971):184-207; Wendell Phillips, Qataban and Sheba (New York: Harcourt
Brace, & Co., 1955), p. 108.
21 The connection between the two is phonetically problematic, not only be
cause of the "n" in Punt, but also because of the "t" as against the "t" of Punt
which is only a feminine termination (J. Simons, "The 'Table of Nations' [Gen. 10]
Its General Structure and Meaning," Oudtestamentische Studien 10 [ 1954]:179)
22 The Greek and Latin versions refer to it as Libya. Josephus says Libya was
founded by Phoutes (Antiquities of the Jews 1. 132). Jubilees 9:1 takes it as Libya,
and Libyan mercenaries are well known from extra-biblical literature (but
Puntians are not) (Simons, "The 'Table of Nations,"' p. 180).
23 John C. L. Gibson, "Observations on Some Important Ethnic Terms in th
Pentateuch," Journal of Near Eastern Studies 20 (1961):217.
24 B. Maisler, "Canaan and the Canaanites," Bulletin of theAmerican Schools o
Oriental Research 102 (1946):7-12; E. A. Speiser, "The Name Phoinikes,"
Language 12 (1936):121-26.
25 Robert North, "The Hivites," Biblica 54 (1973):51.
26 The Memphis Stele of Amenophis II mentions 640 Canaanites in a social
standing (not ethnic); and the Tell El Amarna letters (EA 9, 19) mention ki-na-ha-
a-a-u. See Gibson, "Observations on Some Important Ethnic Terms," p. 217. .
27 James A. Montgomery, Arabia and the Bible (New York: KTAV Publishing
House, 1969).
28 Ibid., p. 42.
29 Cassuto, among others, believed that it had first been northern on the
peninsula, and then moved south around the eighth century B.C. (Cassuto, From
Noah to Abraham, p. 199).
30 Wiseman, "Genesis 10: Some Archaeological Considerations," p. 17; Bohl
"Babel and Bibel, " p. 115. Speiser takes him to be Tukulti-Ninurta I, an early ruler
of Assyria ("In Search of Nimrod," Oriental and Biblical Studies [Philadelphia
University of Pennsylvania Press, 1967], pp. 41-52).
31 The Septuagint renders dyica rOBGi as "the hunting giant," the Arabic as "the
terrible tyrant," and the Syriac as " the warlike giant." Midrash Rabbah 37:2 says
he snared people (see also Yoma 10a, and Josephus Antiquities of the Jews 1. 113-14).
32 Wiseman suggests that since Erech is written Uruk or Unuk in Sumerian, it
might be the city named after Enoch. Enoch's son was Irad, and he may have
founded Eridu (Wiseman, "Genesis 10: Some Archaeological Considerations," p 20).
33 J. A. Thompson, "Samaritan Evidence for 'All of them in the land of Shinar
(Gen. 10:10)," Journal of Biblical Literature 90 (1971):99-102.
34 It is possible to translate it "Asshur went out," but it is probably better to take
it the other way since the story is about Nimrod's exploits, and the preceding was
only the beginning.
35 Wiseman points out that archaeology shows that the earliest inhabitant
The Table of Nations in Genesis 10 - Its Content 33
and languages of the region were not Semitic. Before 2600 the civilization is
"Sumerian." Moreover there is a direct cultural link between Assyria, Babylonia,
and Egypt (Wiseman, "Genesis 10: Some Archaeological Considerations," p. 21).
36 Cassuto, From Noah to Abraham, p. 200. Los connects them to Lydian (Asia
Minor) mercenaries (F. J. Los, "The Table of Peoples of the Tenth Chapter of
Genesis," The Mankind Quarterly 7 [ 1967]:148).
37 Los connects them with On, the inhabitants of Heliopolis being meant
(ibid., p. 148). See also W. F. Albright, "A Colony of Cretan Mercenaries on the
Coast of the Negeb," Journal of the Palestine Oriental Society 1, 2 (1920-
22):117-94.
38 See Brown, Driver, and Briggs, who define it as "southland" and connect it
with the Akkadian Paturisi and the Egyptian P-to-rest (A Hebrew and English
Lexicon, p. 837). See also "Pathros"' in Isaiah 11:11 and Jeremiah 44:1.
39 Leupold thinks they may have come from Crete, earlier than the Philistines,
as part of the swarms of nations mixing with Egyptians (H. C. Leupold, Exposition
of Genesis [Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953], p. 370).
40 They are identified with Keftiu ("the region beyond"), referring to the
Mediterranean in the Egyptian language (Skinner, Genesis, p. 214).
41 Kenneth A. Kitchen, "The Philistines," in Peoples of Old Testament Times,
ed. Donald J. Wiseman (Oxford: At. the Clarendon Press, 1973), pp. 53-54.
42 J. M. Grintz, "The Immigration of the First Philistines in the Inscriptions"
[Hebrew], Tarbiz 17 (1945):32-42; "Notes on the Immigration of the First Philis-
tines in the Inscriptions" [Hebrew], Tarbiz 19 (1947):64.
43 A. Van Selms, "The Canaanites in the Book of Genesis," Oudtestamentische
Studien 12 (1958):182-213.
44 Wiseman points out that the Table must go back before the thirteenth
century due to the omission of Tyre (Wiseman, "Genesis 10: Some Archaeological
Considerations," p. 21).
45 See Hans Giiterback, "Toward a Definition of the Term Hittite," Oriens 10
(1975):233-39; Harry A. Hoffner, "Some Contributions of Hittitology to Old
Testament Study," Tyndale Bulletin 20 (1969):37; and Gibson, "Observations on
Some Important Ethnic Terms in the Pentateuch," p. 225. Of course if Genesis 10
is talking about the very beginnings, then there is no need to look for migrations.
But the Hattians or Nesites, the people of Hatti, remain a problem.
46 Alfred Halder, Who Were the Amorites? (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1971), pp. 20, 65-
66; Giorgio Buccellati, The Amorites of the Ur III Period (Naples: Institutio
Orientals di Napoli, 1966); M. Liverani, "The Amorites," in Peoples of Old Testa-
ment Times, p. 102.
47 North said the Hivites must represent the Horites or Hurrian element ("The
Hivites," p. 44).
48 Ibid., p. 61.
49 Arno Poebel, "The Name of Elam in Sumerian, Akkadian, and He-
brew," American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures 48 (1931):20-
37:2 says 26• See also Wiseman, "Genesis 10: Some Archaeological Considerations,
p. 22.
50 Several have tried to connect Arpachshad with the Kasdim, or Chaldeans
(e-g•, Los, The Table of Peoples of the Tenth Chapter of Genesis,” p. 158).
51 B. Maisler, The Genealogy of the Sons of Nahor and the Historical Back-
ground of the Book of Job" [Hebrew], Zion 11 (1946):1-16.
52 See the author's article, "The Dispersion of the Nations in Genesis 11:1-9, in
the forthcoming April-June 1981 issue of Bibliotheca Sacra.
53 Most take this to be a combination of the article lxa plus ddAOm ("friend”).
54 Silph is a district of Yemen, and Salph a Yemenite tribe (G. R. Driver, "Notes
34 Bibliotheca Sacra - January-March 1981
in Some Recently Recovered Proper Names, Bulletin of the American Schools of
Oriental Research 90 [1943]:34).
55 Phillips notes that even today tribesmen of Hadramaut proudly state they are
descendants of Joktan, supposed by them to be Qahtan, great-great-great-
grandson of Shem, son of Noah, and legendary ancestor of all South Arabians
(Phillips, Qataban and Sheba, pp. 28-29).
56 Gus W. Van Beck, "Prolegomenon," in Montgomery, Arabia and the Bible, pp
xiii-xv. He suggests that there were commercial and ethnic affinities


Provide one Rabbi/Biblical Scholar that supports your Bullshit........you can't. The above exegesis proves you are completely full of shit......bat shit.....that is why you are Suzy Woo Woo

Billy Ruben wrote:

True Lilly wrote:
That's
The First Commandment of
The Creator God,
Who told us, From The Beginning,
about
All This Real World He Really Created,
and THE AGE of LIFE, HERE
In This Real World, BEFORE
OXYGEN=the prince of the air=DEATH...

well,stop fucking breathing and see how you go ya old bint,since you breathe oxygen and spread lies,slander and filth,I suppose you should classify yourself as Arch Evil.I do.Seek mental counselling or therapy you mad little thing

el kabong wrote:better take a look at this suzi aka tru lilly.

Sod-Haus...!!! wrote:True Lilly, Please Stop Spamming The Shit Out Of This Forum...!!!

If You Carry On With The Same Posts Over The Whole Forum,

I Will Delete Them , Apart From The Original Post...

I Will Also Ban Your Arse...

But You Can Rejoin As Vera Suza...

It's Too Much Work Now To Delete All Your Spamming...!!!

somebody should show her this:


Counting Backwards from Now
60 years ago - Invention of the computer.

130 years ago - Invention of the telephone.

180 years ago - Fossil fuel revolution: coal, trains.

540 years ago - Invention of the printing press.

5,500 years ago - Invention of the wheel, writing.

7,600 years ago - Sahara desert starts forming in northern Africa.

8,800 years ago - The first cities.

10,300 years ago - End of the most recent glacial period: the Wisconsin glaciation.

12,700 - 11,500 years ago - the Younger Dryas.

18,000 years ago - Cultivation of plants, herding of animals. Homo sapiens arrives in the Americas.

21,000 years ago - Last glacial maximum: ice sheets down to the Great Lakes, the mouth of the Rhine, and covering the British Isles.

32,000 years ago - Oldest known cave paintings.

35,000 years ago - Invention of the calendar, extinction of Homo neanderthalensis. Homo sapiens arrives in Europe.

50,000 years ago - Homo sapiens arrives in central Asia.

100,000 years ago - Homo sapiens arrives in the Middle East.

110,000 years ago - Beginning of the most recent glacial period: the Wisconsin glaciation.

130,000 years ago - Beginning of the Eemian interglacial.

200,000 years ago - Beginning of the 2nd most recent glacial period: the Wolstonian glaciation.

250,000 years ago - First Homo sapiens.

350,000 years ago - First Homo neanderthalensis.

380,000 years ago - Beginning of the Hoxnian interglacial.

450,000 years ago - Beginning of the 3rd most recent glacial period: the Kansan glaciation, during which ice sheets reached their maximum extent in the Pleistocene, down to Kansas and Slovakia.

620,000 years ago - Beginning of the Cromerian interglacial.

1.4 million years ago - First firemaking by humans.

1.9 million years ago - First Homo erectus.

2.5 million years ago - First Homo habilis. Beginning of a period of repeated glaciation (loosely speaking, "ice ages").

3 million years - Cooling trend causes year-round ice to form at the North Pole.

3.9 million years ago - First known Australopithecus afarensis.

5 million years ago - Humans split off from other apes (gorillas and chimpanzees).

21 million years ago - Apes split off from other monkeys.

24 million years ago - Cooling trend causes the formation of grasslands; Antarctica becomes covered with ice.

34 million years ago - Gondwanaland finishes breaking up, with Australia and South America separating from Antarctica.

50 million years ago - India begins to collide with Asia, eventually forming the Himalayas.

67 million years ago - Asteroid hit Mexico, causing the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction. End of dinosaurs. 50% of all species died out! Intensification of world cooling trend.

114 million years ago - First modern mammals. World begins to cool.

150 million years ago - First birds.

200 million years ago - Pangaea began to split into separate continents: Gondwana to the south and Laurasia to the north, separated by the Tethys Sea.




205 million years ago - The Triassic-Jurassic extinction. End of large amphibians and many reptiles.

235 million years ago - First dinosaurs, flowers.

250 million years ago - The Permian-Triassic extinction. 90% of all species died out! Formation of the supercontinent Pangaea, with surrounding ocean Panthalassa.



313 million years ago - First reptiles.

365 million years ago - The Late Devonian extinction. 70% of marine species died out! First amphibians, trees.

395 million years ago - First insects on land.

415 million years ago - The Old Red Sandstone Continent, also known as Laurussia, is formed by the collision of Baltica and Laurentia at the beginning of the Devonian.

440 million years ago - The Ordovician-Silurian extinction. Most marine species died out.

670 million years ago - First animals.

630-850 million years ago - The Cryogenian Period, also known as Snowball Earth - the worst ice age in the Earth's history.

800 million years ago - The supercontinent Rodinia begins to break up.

1 billion years ago - Formation of the supercontinent Rodinia

1.3 billion years ago - First plants.

1.6 billion years ago - First blue-green algae.

2.4 billion years ago - The Great Oxidation Event: the Earth's atmosphere gets oxygen.



3 billion years ago - Formation of the first known continent, Ur.

3.8 - 4 billion years ago - The Late Heavy Bombardment: a period during which the Earth, Moon, Venus and Mars were subjected to many asteroid impacts, after a relatively calm period of several million years.

4 billion years ago - First life on Earth.

4.45 billion years ago - Formation of Earth complete; storm of asteroid impacts.

4.5 billion years ago - Formation of the Moon: according to the Giant Impact Hypothesis, this happened when Theia collided with proto-Earth.

4.55 billion years ago - Formation of the Solar System.

13.3 billion years ago - Reionization: the first stars heat and ionize hydrogen gas.

13.3 - 13.7 billion years ago - The Dark Ages, after the formation of hydrogen and before the first stars.

13.7 billion years ago - The Big Bang: beginning of the universe as we know it!

FYI, the Land of UZ is Saudi Arabia, Book of Job.

el kabong wrote:better take a look at this suzi aka tru lilly.

Sod-Haus...!!! wrote:True Lilly, Please Stop Spamming The Shit Out Of This Forum...!!!

If You Carry On With The Same Posts Over The Whole Forum,

I Will Delete Them , Apart From The Original Post...

I Will Also Ban Your Arse...

But You Can Rejoin As Vera Suza...

It's Too Much Work Now To Delete All Your Spamming...!!!

somebody should show her this:


Counting Backwards from Now
60 years ago - Invention of the computer.

130 years ago - Invention of the telephone.

180 years ago - Fossil fuel revolution: coal, trains.

540 years ago - Invention of the printing press.

5,500 years ago - Invention of the wheel, writing.

7,600 years ago - Sahara desert starts forming in northern Africa.

8,800 years ago - The first cities.

10,300 years ago - End of the most recent glacial period: the Wisconsin glaciation.

12,700 - 11,500 years ago - the Younger Dryas.

18,000 years ago - Cultivation of plants, herding of animals. Homo sapiens arrives in the Americas.

21,000 years ago - Last glacial maximum: ice sheets down to the Great Lakes, the mouth of the Rhine, and covering the British Isles.

32,000 years ago - Oldest known cave paintings.

35,000 years ago - Invention of the calendar, extinction of Homo neanderthalensis. Homo sapiens arrives in Europe.

50,000 years ago - Homo sapiens arrives in central Asia.

100,000 years ago - Homo sapiens arrives in the Middle East.

110,000 years ago - Beginning of the most recent glacial period: the Wisconsin glaciation.

130,000 years ago - Beginning of the Eemian interglacial.

200,000 years ago - Beginning of the 2nd most recent glacial period: the Wolstonian glaciation.

250,000 years ago - First Homo sapiens.

350,000 years ago - First Homo neanderthalensis.

380,000 years ago - Beginning of the Hoxnian interglacial.

450,000 years ago - Beginning of the 3rd most recent glacial period: the Kansan glaciation, during which ice sheets reached their maximum extent in the Pleistocene, down to Kansas and Slovakia.

620,000 years ago - Beginning of the Cromerian interglacial.

1.4 million years ago - First firemaking by humans.

1.9 million years ago - First Homo erectus.

2.5 million years ago - First Homo habilis. Beginning of a period of repeated glaciation (loosely speaking, "ice ages").

3 million years - Cooling trend causes year-round ice to form at the North Pole.

3.9 million years ago - First known Australopithecus afarensis.

5 million years ago - Humans split off from other apes (gorillas and chimpanzees).

21 million years ago - Apes split off from other monkeys.

24 million years ago - Cooling trend causes the formation of grasslands; Antarctica becomes covered with ice.

34 million years ago - Gondwanaland finishes breaking up, with Australia and South America separating from Antarctica.

50 million years ago - India begins to collide with Asia, eventually forming the Himalayas.

67 million years ago - Asteroid hit Mexico, causing the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction. End of dinosaurs. 50% of all species died out! Intensification of world cooling trend.

114 million years ago - First modern mammals. World begins to cool.

150 million years ago - First birds.

200 million years ago - Pangaea began to split into separate continents: Gondwana to the south and Laurasia to the north, separated by the Tethys Sea.




205 million years ago - The Triassic-Jurassic extinction. End of large amphibians and many reptiles.

235 million years ago - First dinosaurs, flowers.

250 million years ago - The Permian-Triassic extinction. 90% of all species died out! Formation of the supercontinent Pangaea, with surrounding ocean Panthalassa.



313 million years ago - First reptiles.

365 million years ago - The Late Devonian extinction. 70% of marine species died out! First amphibians, trees.

395 million years ago - First insects on land.

415 million years ago - The Old Red Sandstone Continent, also known as Laurussia, is formed by the collision of Baltica and Laurentia at the beginning of the Devonian.

440 million years ago - The Ordovician-Silurian extinction. Most marine species died out.

670 million years ago - First animals.

630-850 million years ago - The Cryogenian Period, also known as Snowball Earth - the worst ice age in the Earth's history.

800 million years ago - The supercontinent Rodinia begins to break up.

1 billion years ago - Formation of the supercontinent Rodinia

1.3 billion years ago - First plants.

1.6 billion years ago - First blue-green algae.

2.4 billion years ago - The Great Oxidation Event: the Earth's atmosphere gets oxygen.



3 billion years ago - Formation of the first known continent, Ur.

3.8 - 4 billion years ago - The Late Heavy Bombardment: a period during which the Earth, Moon, Venus and Mars were subjected to many asteroid impacts, after a relatively calm period of several million years.

4 billion years ago - First life on Earth.

4.45 billion years ago - Formation of Earth complete; storm of asteroid impacts.

4.5 billion years ago - Formation of the Moon: according to the Giant Impact Hypothesis, this happened when Theia collided with proto-Earth.

4.55 billion years ago - Formation of the Solar System.

13.3 billion years ago - Reionization: the first stars heat and ionize hydrogen gas.

13.3 - 13.7 billion years ago - The Dark Ages, after the formation of hydrogen and before the first stars.

13.7 billion years ago - The Big Bang: beginning of the universe as we know it!

FYI, the Land of UZ is Saudi Arabia, Book of Job.

vagrant wrote:13-09-2011, 10:29 PM #8

Originally Posted by bully2100 it would of been ok if he was mocking bin laden's death or someone else "evil".

Making an abusive phone call, SMS, email, or post in a forum could
then technically be a "malicious communication", telling someone to
their face to FO, or if it was just not PC could cause you a problem.

Total surveillance, total control, thought police are everywhere.
All calls are recorded for training purposes.
Be nice to your moderator.

astrocreep wrote:
_______________________________________________________________________

An internet troll who posted videos and messages mocking the deaths of
teenagers, including a girl hit by a train, has been jailed.

Sean Duffy, 25, targeted Facebook tribute pages and posted videos on YouTube taunting the dead and their families.

Among his victims was Natasha MacBryde, 15, who died instantly when hit
by a passenger train near her home in Bromsgrove, Worcestershire.

The day after Natasha's death in February, Duffy posted comments
including "I fell asleep on the track lolz" on the Facebook tribute page
created by her brother James, 17.

Four days later he created a YouTube video called "Tasha the Tank
Engine" featuring her face superimposed on to the front of the fictional
engine.

Duffy, who is unemployed and did not know any of his victims, pleaded
guilty to two counts of sending malicious communications relating to
Natasha.

He asked for three other cases of Facebook trolling – posting offensive
messages on the internet – to be taken into consideration when he
appeared before magistrates in Reading, Berkshire.

Jailing him for 18 weeks, the chair of the bench, Paul Warren, told him:
"You have caused untold distress to already grieving friends and
family.

"The offences are so serious only a custodial sentence could be justified."

He went on to say that the case served as an illustration of the "harm
and damage" that malicious use of social networking sites could do.

Duffy was also given a five-year antisocial behaviour order to prohibit
him from creating and accessing social network sites including Facebook,
Twitter, YouTube, Bebo and Myspace. He will also have to inform police
of any phone he has or buys that comes with internet access.

The court heard that Duffy has Asperger's syndrome and lived a
"miserable existence" drinking alcohol alone at his home in Reading.

Joanne Belsey, prosecuting, said Duffy's series of online attacks began
following the death of 16-year-old Hayley Bates, from Staffordshire, who
died in a car crash in September 2010.

Duffy defaced pictures of her, adding crosses over her eyes and stitches
over her forehead. One caption underneath a picture of flowers at the
crash site read: "Used car for sale, one useless owner."

He then went on to focus on Lauren Drew, a 14-year-old who died from an epilepsy attack at her home in Gloucester in January.

Duffy posted offensive and upsetting images relating to her death and
for Mother's Day created a YouTube video with a picture of a coffin
saying "Happy Mothers Day".

Public schoolgirl Natasha MacBryde was his next target. She killed
herself after she was sent a message by an anonymous bully on a social
networking website. She had also been teased by members of an all-girl
clique at school.

Duffy set up a fake tribute page on Facebook called Tasha the Tank Engine.

On the official memorial page set up by her brother James he wrote: "I
fell asleep on the track lolz," and posted images of her with text
saying she was spoilt. Other trolls joined the abuse.

Duffy's final target was Jordan Cooper, 14, from Washington, Newcastle upon Tyne, who was stabbed to death.

Duffy created a group called "Jordan Cooper in pieces" with a profile
picture of a knife with blood dripping off it. A further YouTube video
was also made which contained pictures of his eyes crossed out and
slashes across his face.

Duffy's lawyer Lance Whiteford said: "In terms of mitigation there is
none. I cannot imagine the trauma and anxiety caused to the families of
these horrible, despicable offences."

She said his condition meant he was not aware of the effect he was having on his victims.

Duffy had been cautioned for a similar offence in 2009 and Whiteford
said he lived an isolated life and had himself been bullied at school
and work.

Speaking outside court, Natasha MacBryde's father, Andrew, said: "He is a
disturbed individual who caused the maximum of grief for his own
satisfaction.

"I think he must be a very lonely man who unfortunately tried to get attention through the most disgusting way possible.

"In a way I feel sorry for him and I think he needs some sort of counselling as it is obviously very odd behaviour.

"I hope his sentencing shows other trollers that they are not anonymous
and they will be caught if they continue their vile games."

He said he had not been able to watch the Tasha the Tank Engine video as
it was too distressing. Following the sentencing, Lauren Drew's father
Mark spoke of the devastation it caused her family as they struggled to
come to terms with her death: "We were already having a hard time.
Lauren was my only daughter and I worshipped the ground she walked on
and this person was hiding behind a computer.

"He caused devastation to us and other families; for so many people. It hurts but he sits behind a computer with no feeling."

Drew called for the operators of social networking sites to take more
responsibility for their content: "The web is a wonderful thing if used
right but as you can see in this case it was used wrongly. These days
children live on Facebook, it's their lives and they're just so
vulnerable."

After the hearing police said they would continue to track down offenders like Duffy.

Det Ch Insp James Hahn, of Thames Valley police, said: "Clearly this has
been a very emotive case, that has caused additional distress and
suffering for families who have been trying to cope with the loss of
loved ones.

"Malicious communication through social networking is a new phenomenon
and unfortunately shows how technology can be abused. However, our
investigation shows that offenders cannot hide behind their computer
screens."_______________________________________________________________________
A prison sentence? He has a twisted sense of humour, but a jail sentence is a bit much.