The Real Zion and Real Mizraim

el kabong wrote:Satan attempts to deceive by enticing

49e: Cinderella, part 5:

Exile and Redemption


I would like to explain the meaning of Job's faith by means of a contrast between two situations in modern literature. I will bring the first example from a short story by a well-known author, who inherited the Jewish tradition from his parents' home. This tradition has not disappeared despite the power of the evil inclination. He himself is very aware of this struggle, and does not want to lose his Jewish roots. I am speaking of Isaac Bashevis Singer. I will refer to one of his stories, entitled "Zeidlus the First." Zeidlus is of course a Latin play on the Yiddish name Zeidel. Singer tells us of a man named Zeidel, a learned Jew whom Satan attempts to lead astray. All of his initial efforts fail. The regular temptations do not work on Zeidel. However, the temptation of pride is too strong for Zeidel to resist. How does one tempt a Jew with pride? If you convert, says Satan, you will go far; you will become Pope Zeidlus the First. Zeidel falls into the trap. However, his life does not turn out exactly the way Satan promised him.

Rabbi Nachman of Breslov teaches that Satan is like the person who shows a child his closed hand and promises, "if you do such and such I will give you what is in my hand." The child does what he is asked, and afterwards, when the hand opens, the child sees that it is empty.

We will not go into all of Zeidel's adventures. We will only say that he failed at everything, and when Satan appears at the moment of death to take his soul, and Zeidel sees him, he exclaims,

"Is it you Satan, angel of death?"
"Yes Zeidel," replies the Tempter, "I have come for you. And it won't help you to repent or confess, so don't try."
"Where are you taking me?" he asked.
"Straight to Gehenna."
"If there is a Gehenna, there is also a God," Zeidel said, his lips trembling.
"This proves nothing," I retorted.
"Yes it does," he said. "If Hell exists, everything exists. If you are real, He is real. Now take me to where I belong. I am ready."

This idea, of the discovery of God beyond evil, is completely opposed to a message that appears in one of Ingmar Bergman's "philosophical" films, "The Seventh Seal." In the film – which has a Christian background - a knight appears who asks the final questions, and in one of the dialogues of the film someone who has seen the angel of death claims that he looked into his eyes, but beyond them one could see nothing. In contrast to this, the meaning of the story of "Zeidlus the First" is that beyond evil one can see good. This is the great leap that we must take: the leap from the absurd into a meaningful existence.

The Torah concludes with a commandment to study a song and remember it from generation to generation, so that it will exist forever. This is the song of "Hearken" ("Ha'azinu"). The Torah explains that days will come when

"I will hide My face from them and they will be prey, and will be beset by many evils and troubles and they will say on that day, 'it is because my God is not with me that we have been beset by these evils'... And now, write this song for yourselves and teach it to the children of Israel, place it in their mouths, so that this song will be a witness for the Children of Israel." (Devarim 31:17-19)

A time of great suffering will come, and the nation will ask the question, is God indeed among us? Or in a more modern version, "Can one believe in God after Auschwitz?" The Torah commanded us to study this song, so that we will know that despite the pain and evil, God is with us. This is the song that comes to teach us that even in the midst of evil, God is with us.

"How can one [man] chase a thousand and two [men] pursue ten thousand, if their Rock had not sold them, and God had not trapped them." (Devarim 32:30)

Despite everything, the world is not left to its own devices. This is a prophetic promise given to us so that we will not give up hope.

And here I will dare to make the terrible leap, towards the eyes of the Angel of Death. In our generation we have learned something beyond what Rihal has taught us. We can learn about the truth, as Rihal said, from the fact that God revealed himself at Mount Sinai and chose the nation that He loves, the Chosen People, and gave them the Torah.

However, to our sorrow, in history there is another way as well.


If Satan appeared, and I was indeed certain that he was Satan, I could learn, paradoxically, from him, that the Chosen People are the nation that Satan recognizes and announces to be his enemy. History has shown us many anti-Semites, great and small. However, Satan himself was none other than Nazism. Nazism appeared and, pointing at the Jewish people, announced, "This is my enemy." We have learned that the Jewish people are the Chosen People - from the evidence given by Satan. Satan did not hate the Jews because we were opposed to his political ideas or because we disturbed his plans. The child and the old man, who were powerless to harm anyone, were also Satan's enemies. To some extent, the Holocaust was an Encounter at Auschwitz, parallel to the Encounter at Mount Sinai, in which Satan appeared and showed us the way to the great leap, the need to see beyond the empty eyes of the Angel of Death. Beyond them there is something else. It is not emptiness. Zeidlus the First was right: "If you are real, He is real."

The world understands this logic, even if only subconsciously. We can understand this if we analyze different reactions to the Holocaust. The anti-Semite complains that the Nazis did not finish the job. We are also familiar with the attempts of Nazi sympathizers who want to deny the Holocaust, and sometimes we hear both claims at once. This is one side of the range of responses. However, on the other side we hear more sophisticated denials.

For many years we have been witnesses to an attempt, by the Poles for example, to deny the fact that the Jews were the victims of the Holocaust. However, the most evident attempt in this area is without a doubt the establishment of the Carmelite monastery at Auschwitz.

Here we are faced with an attempt to rewrite history: Christianity was one of the victims of Auschwitz. The Church did this, for example, by making a Jewish convert to Christianity into a Christian saint. This is because, consciously or subconsciously, everyone whose conscience was not destroyed by Nazism understands that every honest person should have been at Auschwitz. There Satan made the selection. And whoever was not chosen by him to be wiped out, cannot possibly be the chosen one of God.

Cinderella and her sisters

Today we can understand this because of the perspective that we have on the first verses of the last chapter of the book of Job. From this perspective, which stems from a sense that we are at the beginning of the Redemption, we ought to reread the end of the story of Cinderella. How did Cinderella treat her sisters after her rise to greatness? I leave the reader to do his own homework, but I promise him that a look at the various versions will be very interesting. What God expects from Job is clear. God expects Job to pray for his friends who have constantly directed their arrows at him. This is a very difficult moral paradox. However, it helps us to understand the secret of the ending of the book. The redemption of Job represents the return of the Jewish people to their land. The verse actually uses the phrase "returned his exiles" (42:10), which is essentially a national term. Now we also understand another difficulty. His first children are lost to him, yet Job's comfort - a comfort that does not erase the pain - is in his second children. The Holocaust was an event that can never be forgotten, and we are left with problems that cannot be rationally explained away. However, now we see the return of Job's exiles, and the prayer that he wishes for the whole world: may sins, not sinners, be obliterated.

Job's friends, Cinderella's sisters, are the other religions that point an accusing finger at Job: Job, you are suffering, this is proof that you have sinned, this means that God has rejected you. The book ends with the meeting with the prince: "and God returned the exiles of Job" - this is the Redemption.

el kabong wrote:ZION

http://www.vbm-torah.org/jewphi.htm

50a: Sleeping Beauty

I believe in Sleeping Beauty.


Once upon a time an evil witch cursed the princess. On the princess's fifteenth birthday she climbed up an old tower, pricked her finger on a spinning wheel, and immediately fell into a deep sleep. The king and queen fell asleep as well, as did the horses, the dogs, the pigeons on the roof, and the flies on the wall. Thorny rosebushes grew tall and spread around the castle, concealing it from view.

One day a prince arrived in the country and heard from an old man about the castle hidden behind the thorny rosebushes, and that inside the castle the beautiful princess lay sleeping. He also heard that many had attempted to awaken the sleepers, and had lost their own lives in the attempt. The prince was not afraid. He reached the castle. The thorns made way for him but closed up after him, the dangers of the enchanted castle threatened him as well, but he was not deterred. He reached the tower and found the sleeping princess. He kissed her and she awoke.

The prince and the princess married and had children. The sleeping beauty is the Land of Israel. During the years of exile, it was asleep, and its castle was overrun with brambles and wasteland. Both vegetation and animals disappeared. Was this indeed the same princess who was described as a land flowing with milk and honey? The prince, the Jewish people, believed in the legend and awakened the slumbering princess.

The Love of the People and the Land

Today we use the term homeland. The Bible and our Sages used another term: "Mother." The Land of Israel, Zion, is a "mother," and our Sages play with this term. However, the true relationship between the Jewish people and Zion, as it is expressed in the spirit of the nation, cannot be understood unless we add to the mother relationship a relationship of love and marriage between Zion and the Jewish people. Avraham reaches Jerusalem led by the heavenly call, "go...to the Land which I will show you" (Genesis 12:1), like one who is unconsciously drawn to a mysterious being. The yearning, the love whose vague image appeared in our dreams, gave meaning to our lives.

The relationship between the nation and the Land is one of love. This relationship has lasted for over a thousand years, and Jerusalem was and remains at its core. The destruction of the Temple and the years of exile have distanced the Jewish people from their land. This was the basic tragedy. But a deeper tragedy took place when the conquerors were not satisfied with separating the lovers, and tried to erase the love itself, its remains, its memories, even its name. The Romans were not satisfied with building a shrine to Jupiter in the Holy Temple. They felt the need to change the very name of the land. The Philistines - a nation no longer in existence at the time - called it Palestina.

This name represents the battle against the love between the Jewish people and the Land of Israel. The conflict with the Romans, like the earlier conflict with the Philistines, was at its core a conflict between nations. Judah's rebellion was the uprising of a nation that preferred freedom over the oppressive peace of Rome. Yet even then the conflict had connotations that strayed beyond the political plane. However this was a conflict between strangers. When Abraham became the "Father of Many Nations," and his faith spread beyond the boundaries of his nation, even more tragic chapters were added to the annals of this love.

The Scriptures have become, in one way or another, the inheritance of all of humanity. Scriptural terms and concepts became the foundations of both Western and Eastern civilization. Christianity and Islam both see themselves as the ultimate heirs of Judaism, the ones who will fulfill the Universalist idea.

However, Christianity and Islam did not battle Judaism from the outside. The tragic irony from the perspective of Judaism lies in the fact that the descendants of these religions did not feel it was enough to establish religious centers in Rome and Mecca. They received much of the content and symbols of their religion from Judaism, but were not satisfied. They saw themselves as legitimate inheritors of the father, and in an Oedipal act wished to conquer the Mother, Jerusalem. The murder of the father, the Jewish people, was carried out in various ways, some biological, some theological. There were those who persecuted the Jews passionately. More tolerant theologians satisfied themselves - like Cham the son of Noach in the Aggada - with castration of the father. He is allowed to remain alive merely as an aged witness, who cannot even die until he witnesses the success of the son who has risen against him. To the political conflicts, the most difficult conflict was added: religious conflict.

50b: Sleeping Beauty, part 2



In Bereshit we read of the significant encounter between Avraham and Malkitzedek, king of Shalem. According to the biblical commentator Moshe David Cassuto, the Torah intends to convey "that Jerusalem was a holy city. [This was] an eternal holiness, extending since time immemorial, and even when it was populated by idol worshippers, who were accustomed to worshipping many gods, its inhabitants could not but worship their highest God," who is essentially identical to the one God of Scriptural monotheism.

Rashi gleans something else from this encounter. Our rights to the land are not the result of a divine promise accompanied by military conquest. Our Sages emphasized our "historical rights" to the land. Rashi describes how the children of Shem lived in the Land according to the original division among the sons of Noach, and how "the Canaanites were conquering the land of Israel from the children of Shem." On the background of this unjust conquest, which destroyed the original harmony between the peoples of the world, Avraham, a descendent of Shem, appears upon the stage of history. He meets with one of the last Shemite kings of Jerusalem, before they were destroyed by the Jebusites. This was Malkitzedek king of Shalem (Bereshit 14:18-20): "And Malkitzedek king of Shalem brought out bread and wine, and he was a priest of the highest God. And he blessed him and said, blessed is Avraham of the highest God, ruler of heaven and earth." In this encounter, the last remaining Shemite monotheistic priest meets Avraham and prophesies, "[God] will someday return [Jerusalem] to your children, who are the descendants of Shem" (Rashi, on Bereshit 12:6).

The Rambam teaches an additional unique aspect of Jerusalem. In his "Guide For The Perplexed" [3,45] he suggests that Jerusalem is referred to in the Bible as "the place which He will choose," without calling it explicitly by name, for political reasons. The name of the place was hidden so that "the nations would not hold onto it and fight a powerful war over it, as they would if they knew that this place on earth was the source of the Torah." Sadly, this attempt did not help, and the struggles over Jerusalem continue to this day. Political struggles have a mechanism of their own. In Jerusalem, a religious struggle exists as well.

The Jewish people return to their land with a demand for justice that is beyond law. No one disputes the spiritual ownership of other religions. This is one of the great tests of humanity. Will they recognize the rights of the father who has returned to life and to youth, to live in his own land?

Jerusalem was conquered by Christians and by Muslims. However, Jerusalem is holy to the Jews not because of an event that occurred in it, nor because of a building in it, but because of very essence. The Temple could burn down, foreign temples could be built in its place, and yet the connection with the land remains, as though nothing has changed. Thus, the Jewish people mourned over Jerusalem, and thus Rihal expressed the longing of Jerusalem for its people:

"Zion, will you not inquire after your prisoners who inquire after you, and are the remnant of your flock...
I cry endless tears to bewail your suffering, and when I dream of the return of your exiles, I am a violin for your songs."

Whoever has read Mark Twain's description of the parched land, so barren that he felt this could not possibly be the land of which the Bible speaks, understands what the renewal and rebirth of the land means.

The Ramban saw the double tragedy as the symbol of the deepest expression of the love between the people and the land. The nation could not rest peacefully in any other place in the world, and the land would not bear fruit for any foreign conqueror. It patiently awaited the return of its people.

true lilly wrote:

and that was only a tiny sample of the countless examples
of why the wise, keep, The First Commandment, First and Last

hey suzi/not so tru lilly, I see you've made a new fan/reader.

what you know about YHWHs Commandments you could fit in a thimble and have lots of room left over. Your new fan says it well.

Your dog don't hunt. never did. never will.

Do you realise how you contradict yourself? The First Commandment is a pillar of the Torah/Instruction (which you insult and falsly declare was 'done away with') of YHWH Elohim, and it declares that the Hebrews were in Egypt/Mizraim, which you deny.

Torah means Instruction. YHWH Elohim has provided aLL humankind with His Instruction, who are you to say otherwise?

A lying, false prophet.

You are really a mental case like Billy Rueben has documented.

true lilly wrote:

but,

the way that you say it...[/i][/u][/color] [/size]

SEE! UNDERSTAND!
That The Word's have DIFFERENT,
DESCRIPTIVE, ROOT MEANINGS,
depending on The TIME, PLACE
and CONTEXT they are used,
and apply!


[/color]MANY GENERATIONS AFTER NOAH,
YET "YOU" ALL LIE
that NOAH
"was after The Land Divided"
and
"landed on the YET UNFORMED,
Mount Ararat".

"YOU" ALL DENY THE WORD OF GOD,
to FORCE BELIEF IN "YOUR" FALSE,
INSANELY TOO SHORT,
"out of Egypt", "time-line".[/b][/color]

SEE, UNDERSTAND, that man's words,
like man, ARE LIMITED, whereas,
GOD IS LIMITLESS, like
THE FULL, DEEP, DESCRIPTIVE
ROOT MEANINGS of
EACH WORD of GOD'S WORD.

Studies in the Book of Genesis
Part 3:
The Table of Nations in
Genesis 10--Its Content
Allen P. Ross
The previous article in this series dealt with the structure of
the Table of Nations in Genesis 10.1 The deliberate design in its
construction, symmetry, and unity were examined in an effort to
understand its purpose as a tOdl;OT. But in addition to the evi-
deuce from its structure, there is a wealth of information about
the nations of the world that is important for the complete under-
standing of this chapter within the message of Genesis.
The Analysis of the Passage
The heading of the chapter (Gen. 10:1) declares that this is
the record of the particulars of what became of Shem, Ham, and
Japheth after the Flood. The verse serves not only as a heading for
the Table, but also as a literary connection back to Genesis 9:18
and 28. It is to be read with the oracle of Noah in mind!
THE SONS OF JAPHETH (10:2-5)
In the listing of Noah's sons, Japheth usually comes last. But
here he is first because the tribes descended from Japheth were
spread across the remote lands of the north and therefore were
less involved in Israel's history.
The connection of Japheth and ]Iapeto<j of the Greek tradi-
tion is striking.2 In both Greek and Hebrew traditions, then,
]Iapeto<j was the ancestor of the Greeks. Genesis, however, shows
him to be fully human.3 He is simply the ancestor of many north-
22
The Table of Nations in Genesis 10 - Its Content 23
ern tribes who were non-Semitic in physiognomy, language, and
custom.4
The sons of Japheth are seven. Gomer, mentioned also in
Ezekiel 38:6, represents the Cimmerians, thought to be of the
same stock as the Scythians.5 Magog is also mentioned in Ezekiel
(38:2 and 39:6) as the land of Gog, the region between Armenia
and Cappadocia; the name seems to represent the Scythian
hordes southeast of the Black Sea.6 Madia (ydamA) is the normal
Hebrew word for the Medes (Isa. 13:17) or Media (2 Kings 17:6),
east of Assyria and southwest of the Caspian Sea. Even though
the Median Empire was not formed until the seventh century,
this does not mean that such a people were not known earlier as a
group in the Lake Van area. The text of Shalmaneser III refers to
them in a way that implies they were older inhabitants.
Javan is the general word for the Hellenic race, used
throughout the Old Testament for the Ionians who dwelt in
western Asia Minor.7
Tubal and Meshech are always found together in the Bible;
they represent northern military states (Ezek. 27:13; 32:26;
38:2; 39:1; and Isa. 66:19). Tubal is equivalent to Tibareni in
Pontus; and Meshech is located in the Moschian mountains near
Armenia .8 Their range was from eastern Asia Minor to the
Black Sea.
Tiras has been identified in classical writings as the Thra-
cians living in the area of the river Tiras 9 It is now popular to
identify them as the Pelasgian pirates of the Aegean coasts men-
tioned in Merneptah's list of seafaring peoples.10
From these seven, seven more were derived. From Gomer
came Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah. Ashkenaz appears to
represent a northern branch of Indo-Germanic tribes related to
the Scythians.11 Riphath may bear a remote resemblance to the
name of the river Rhebas near the Bosphorous, or the Riphaean
mountains to the west. Josephus suggested these were the
Paphlagonians.12 Togarmah seems to represent the extreme
north in Ezekiel 27:14 and 38:6.13
From Javan came four "sons"--two geographical names
and two tribal names--all of which are kin to the Greeks.
Elishah is to be identified with the place Alashiyah on the island
of Cyprus.14 Tarshish is the name of a distant coast reached only
by sea (Isa. 66:19; Jer. 10:9; Ezek. 27:12). It has been identified
with several places on the southern coasts of Asia Minor, places
founded by Phoenician shippers.15 Kittim is preserved in the
24 Bibliotheca Sacra - January-March 1981
name of Kition (or Kettion), also on the island of Cyprus;16 this
plural noun refers to the people who inhabited that island, as well
as other islands east of Rhodes.
Dodanim, the last of the four from Javan, is difficult to
identify because of a textual problem. The word, spelled "Roda-
nim" in 1 Chronicles 1:7, would represent the inhabitants of
Rhodes. But the Qere at that passage suggests the spelling
"Dodanim." Moreover, Ezekiel lists a Dedan among northern
merchants (27:15). Neiman suggests they are the Dodanoi, the
people of Dodona, the most ancient oracle in Greece.17
These descendants of Japheth may be broadly summarized
as Cimmerians, Scythians, Medes, Hellenes, and Thracians.
From the fourteen names given, the text adds that from
these the isles of the nations were divided in lands, by tongues,
after families, in nations. They dwell in remote lands and
distant isles.
It should be noted in passing that these names occur fre-
quently in prophetic writings. In Genesis the great military
hordes and western merchants are rather remote. They do not
come into play, so far as the destiny of Israel in the land is
concerned, until much later. Genesis knows something about
them, but they are far beyond the movements of the patriarchs.
They too will eventually subjugate the inhabitants of the land.
THE SONS OF HAM (10:6-20)
More attention is given to the line of Ham than to that of
Japheth or Shem. Ham's line has four branches: Cush, Mizraim,
Put, and Canaan. All four are probably place names for Nubia-
Egypt, Upper and Lower Egypt, Libya, and Phoenicia-Palestine
respectively. In addition, the descendants of these four are both
places and tribes.
Ham is the ancestor of all these people from Phoenicia to
Africa.

The etymology of the word Ham is disputed,18 but it is
used to depict countries in close proximity to Egypt.

Cush is the "eldest son" according to the plan of the Table. In
antiquity this was an independent kingdom on the southern
flank of Egypt; and especially during the reign of Kamose it
served as the backbone of the Egyptian army, helping to expel the
Asiatics (Hyksos).19 So the list begins in the far south with the
African tribes known to the Greeks as Ethiopians.

Mizraim lies to the north of Cush. The word occurs almost
ninety times in the Old Testament for Egypt.

Put is used six times in the Bible, usually representing a
warlike people used as mercenaries in the Egyptian armies (e.g.,
Ezek. 27:10).
Some connect Put with Somaliland, known as Punt
(pwn.t).20 But the identification of Put with Punt is phonetically
problematic.21 Thus the identification with Libya seems to have
more support although not by similarity of names.22

The last of the four is Canaan, which normally represents the
land of Palestine and Phoenicia with its kaleidoscopic mixture of
races, a natural result for a country which is the "bridge" of
continents.23

The name Canaan has been connected with
various etymologies including the Hurrian kinahhu, a reddish-
purple shellfish dye.24 References from antiquity show the name
is geographical. Possibly it may have been used of the merchant
class in early commercial activities.26 Exclusive to the Old
Testament is the use of the term for inhabitants of the area in a
general sense. It later came to mean the pre-Israelite population
without distinction of race or social status. These many tribes
are in some way related to Canaan, and thus are called
Canaanites.
The lines of three of these are now carried further in the
expanding list. First are listed five sons of Cush, all of whom
show expansion in Arabia.27 Seba is usually identified with
Upper Egypt on the Nile, with the ancient city of Meroe between
Berber and Khartoum. Havilah, which means "sand-land," could
fit several areas according to its usage: Ishmaelite Arab territory
(Gen. 25:18), eastern Arabia on the Persian Gulf (Gen. 10:29), the
Ethiopian coast (Gen. 10:7), or even India as an extension of the
east (Gen. 2:11). The fact that Havilah is mentioned under both
Shem and Ham shows mixing of the races: both Shemites and
Hamites lived there.

Sabtah is near the western shore of the Persian Gulf. It has
to been identified as Shabwat, ancient Hadhramaut28 Raamah
appears to have been in southwest Arabia; Sabteca is possibly to
be identified with Samudake, east toward the Persian Gulf.
So these five tribal regions in the lower sections of Arabia
were populated with descendants from Ham. Of them, Raamah
produced two other tribes: Sheba and Dedan. Sheba is the name
of the ancient kingdom in southwest Arabia whose metropolis is
Marib, forty-five miles east of Sena'a of Yemen .29 Dedan is associ-
with modern 'Ula in northern Arabia, an important trading
center from antiquity, bordering on Edom (Ezek. 25:13; 27:20).
Some of the people of Sheba and Dedan traced their ancestry
26 Bibliotheca Sacra - January-March 1981
back through the Cushite Raamah; others traced their ancestry
to Joktan in the line of Shem (10:29).
Inserted in the Table is the story of Nimrod (Gen. 10:8-12).
This is the first dlayA ("begot") section and forms a major stylistic
break from the tribal and territory names preceding it. The verse
need not be interpreted to say that Nimrod was the actual son of
Cush, but that is possible. Many attempts have been made to
identify him, but the most plausible is the reflection of the name
in Ninurta, the god of hunting and war.30
Because his name has been connected with the root dramA ("to
rebel"), and because of the statements made about him, he seems
to represent tyrannical power. Genesis 10:9 describes him as a
mightly hunter,31 a term often used for the hunting of men, and
the founder of the colossal powers of the east, which suggests he
is not just someone known for his derring-do.
Genesis 10:10 lists these cities as the "beginning" of his
kingdom: Babel, Erech, and Accad (and Calneh in the land of
Shinar). Since Babel, the well-known city of Babylon, is listed
first, it is not surprising to see it as the subject of the next
narrative (11:1-9), where it is described as the first gathering
point of the race.
Erech is the Akkadian Uruk, to be identified with ancient
Warka, the city of heroes like Gilgamesh 32 It is one hundred
miles southeast of Babylon. Accad is another ancient city, the
Agade of Sargon, north of Babylon on the Euphrates. It declined
sharply in importance about 2000 B.C.
Calneh is nowhere attested in cuneiform. While some have
tried to find a city so named in the great Shinar region, many
have followed Albright and translated it "and all of them.”33
The second part of the Nimrod digression lists the cities he
colonized (Gen. 10:11-12). Nimrod went out to Assyria34 and
built Nineveh, Rehoboth-Ir, Calah, and Resen. Nineveh is the
most famous city of Assyria (just as Babel was for the other
region). Rehoboth-Ir could be explaining Nineveh, but probably
is the suburb of Rebit Nina. Calah is Kalhu, modern Nimrud
situated twenty miles south. Resen may be Risnu, between the
other cities. It seems that all these cities were close enough
together to be one great metropolis.
Nimrod's exploits extended over two geographical areas,
Shinar and Assyria, and included seven cities. All these are part
of the Hamitic line.35
The Table of Nations in Genesis 10 - Its Content 27
After this dlayA section, another follows: Mizraim developed
into tribes. From the Egyptians sprang the Ludim, a group of
African tribes west of the Delta;36 the Anamim, in the vicinity of
Cyrene;37 the Lehabim, the Libyans on the north African shore
(Nah. 3:9 and Dan. 11:43); the Naphtuhim, the people of the
Delta (Lower Egypt); the Pathrusim, the people of Upper Egypt;38
the Casluhim, the people who dwelt east of the Delta between
Egypt and Canaan;39 and the Caphtorim, the Cretans.40
The clause "from whence come the Philistines" is problem-
atic because of its position in the text. Scripture connects the
origin of the Philistines with Caphtor (Amos 9:7; Deut. 2:23;
Jer. 47:4), but the Caphtorim, the Cretans, come after this
clause. While some have suggested rearranging the clauses, it
may not be necessary. The clause in the Table suggests migration
and not lineage. Amos has the Philistines from Caphtor in the
same sense that Israel was from Egypt--migration and not
origination.41 The difficulty may be solved by looking at their
origin and their migration from the Aegean bases through Caph-
tor into the Delta and finally into Palestine.
But part of the problem is the general assumption that this
name is anachronistic since all sources so far attest that the
Philistines in the strict sense date from around 1200 B.C. But the
Philistines of Genesis are quite different from those of later
periods. Grintz concluded that they were different enough to
posit successive migrations of different tribes .42 He concluded
there were three migrations: the first was the migration of
Pelasgo-Philistine tribes from Casluhim (Genesis and Exodus),
the second was the movement of the Philistines from Caphtor to
Gaza, and the third was the further movement of the Pelasgo-
Philistines in the period of Rameses III. Therefore the tribes from
Mizraim are seven, and out of one come the Philistines. If this be
so, then the powerful Egyptian influence carried far north into
the Aegean.
The final Hamite line to be traced is that of the sons of
Canaan (Gen. 10:15-19). This line focuses on the peoples living
in the land promised to Israel. In fact, the section closes with
the territorial boundaries specifically given.
Once again a dlayA section is inserted to introduce the cities and
tribes. The first-begotten is Sidon, the predominant Phoenician
city.44 This suggests that the founder gave his name to the city.
Heth, the Hittites in the Old Testament, is problematic here
under Canaan. The text is listing a mixed population in Canaan,
28 Bibliotheca Sacra - January-March 1981
and so the term is justified if it describes Hittites who swept
south in vast ethnic movements.45
A series of tribes are mentioned beginning with the Jebu-
sites. The Jebusites dwelt in Jebus (Jerusalem) and were part of
the early stock of Canaanite tribes. The Amorites pose another
problem. The term can refer to a mixed population in the land in
general. It does not fit the description of the western Semites
whose center was in Mari.46 These are smaller ethnic groups that
inhabited the mountains around Jordan.
Very little is known about the Girgashites and the Hivites.
They are mentioned only in the cliche lists for Canaanites in
Edom, Shechem, and Gibeon.47 Possibly terms like "Hivite" and
"Hittite" are used pejoratively and ideologically, but as North
says, "we cannot see that all organic link of origin with those
foreign populaces is excluded."48
The rest of the list includes the Arkites, those living in Leba-
non north of Sidon; the Sinites near 'Arqa; the Arvadites, the
most northerly of Phoenician cities north of the river El Kebir; the
Zemarites, those living in the town of Sumra (modern) north of
‘Arqa; and the Hamathites, the inhabitants of Hamath on the
Orontes. Hamath, it may be noted, is the central point of the
northern boundary of the land.
It is clear that the writer wished to emphasize the names of
the Canaanites who dwelt in the land promised to Israel because
he mentions the familiar boundary notices in all directions, from
the cities of the plain to Gerar to the northern extremities. Such
an emphasis coming after the account of the curse of Canaan and
written for a people who were to dispossess these Canaanites
would have great impact.
THE SONS OF SHEM (10:21-31)
A new heading lists the relationship of Shem to Japheth (the
brother) and Eber (the descendant)--the former speaking of an
alliance based on Genesis 9 and the latter speaking of the connec-
tion in the line to the Hebrews.
The first name in the list is Elam. Descendants of Shem early
penetrated the highlands east of Babylon even though they were
later not the dominant racial or linguistic group.49 Asshur,
Shem's second son, is the name for the region and people of
Assyria. Arpachshad, the third name, is the ancestor of the
Hebrews. Arpachshad's meaning and location have caused con-
siderable speculation, but he can only be generally listed as resid-
The Table of Nations in Genesis 10 - Its Content 29
ing northeast of Nineveh.50 Lud is probably the Ludbu of the
Assyrians, situated on the Tigris. Aram is the name of the Ara-
mean tribes of antiquity living in the steppes of Mesopotamia.
The descendants from Aram--Uz, Hul, Gether, and Mash -
are not well known. They seem to be located in the north between
Armenia and Mesopotamia.51
The passage then refers to the developing line from Arpach-
shad, using the dlayA form through Shelah to Eber. One of Eber's
sons is Peleg, in whose days the earth was divided (probably
referring to the division of nations at Babel 52). Once the Table
mentions Peleg, it traces his line no further. Rather, it lists the
many tribes from Joktan, using the dlayA formula again.
The first tribe was Almodad, referring to a South Arabian
people. The second is Sheleph, another tribe of the southern
Arabian peninsula.54 Hazarmaveth, the third, is identified with
the exporter of myrrh known as Hadramaut in Southern
Arabia. Jerah and Hadoram are difficult, but are assumed to be
in the same vicinity. Uzal is the designation of San'a, the old
capital of Yemen. Diklah, the Arabic name for "date-palm," may
refer to an oasis. Obal seems to be 'Abil, a term used for several
localities in Yemen. Abimael is taken to be a genuine Sabaean
formation, with the ma being emphatic ("my father, verily, he
is God").
Sheba was also listed under Ham; the name here attests to
the fact that Joktanites lived there as well.56 Ophir and Havilah,
also listed under Ham, were southern Arabian territories rich in
gold. Jobab is assumed to be identical to Yuhaybib in South
Arabia.
These thirteen descendants of Joktan represent settled Ara-
bian tribes in the peninsula. Israel would find ancient blood ties
with the Joktanites of the desert of Arabia, as well as her relatives
to the east.
The final verse of the chapter forms the colophon-type end-
ing of the Table. All families came from the sons of Noah, but
these families listed here have significant developments (dlayA) as
far as Israel's interests are concerned.
The Meaning of the Passage
Most commentators observe that the Table demonstrates the
unity of the human race. Coming from the sons of Noah, the
survivors of the Flood were fruitful and multiplied.
30 Bibliotheca Sacra - January-March 1981
But the passage is far more complex than that. The Table is a
select list of names, and that selection must serve a purpose. The
names are names of individuals, cities, tribes, and nations
arranged according to the genealogical connections of the ances-
tors or founders. The pattern of the Table is segmented rather
than linear; it is designed to show blood ties, treaties, alliances
and other connections between existing peoples.
That the promised land is central to the Table can be seen
from the arrangement of the descendants. The Japhethites are
spread from east to west across the northern frontier; the Ham-
ites surround the land from south to west; and the Shemites are
traced from the eastern to the southern borders of the land.
Moreover, the preoccupation with the Canaanites in the land of
promise shows the concern of the writer to fit the Table to the
message of the book: the fulfillment of God's promise to bless
Israel as a nation in that land, and to bless those nations that
bless her, and curse those who are antagonistic to her.
The Table then deliberately selected these tribes and traced
their development. This was done by expanding (in the dlayA ["be-
got"] sections) important elements found in the basic genealogy
(the yneB; ["sons of"] structure). From the heading (tOdlOT, "particu-
lars") it is clear that the passage was designed to do just this. The
purpose of this tOdl;OT in Genesis is to trace what became of
Noah's descendants, but the particular items included in this
genealogy were selected because of their significance for Israel.
The tOdl;OT of the yneB; Noah moves in four directions (in each of
the dlayA sections). Through these four sections the genealogy
focuses on the dominant kingdoms of Assyria and Shinar, the
powerful Egyptian tribes, the Canaanite tribes in their lands, and
the Arabian tribes of the line of Shem. These are peoples with
whom the new nation of Israel would have dealings in accord with
the oracle of Noah in Genesis 9.
According to Genesis, the new nation of Israel was to be
blessed as God's people in the land of Canaan. God's plan to bless
Israel involved the movement, displacement, and subjugation of
other peoples. The oracle of Noah in Genesis 9 anticipated the
blessing for Shem, along with Japheth, and the cursing of Ca-
naan, a son of Ham. This Table in Genesis 10 gives direction to
that oracle. It presents the lines of Shem and Japheth as pure
tribal groups around the promised land; it also presents the old
block of Hamites, especially the mixed races in the land of Ca-
naan, as the predominant powers on the earth. The dlayA sections
The Table of Nations in Genesis 10--Its Content 31
identify these tribes for Israel and signify their relationship to the
blessing or cursing.
Notes
1 Allen P. Ross, "The Table of Nations in Genesis 10-Its Structure," Bibliotheca
Sacra 137 (October-December 1980):340-53.
2 Apollodorus The Library 1. 2-3, Loeb Classical Library (Cambridge: Harvard
University Press, 1921), p. 12; Hesiod Works and Days, lines 50, 54, and
Theogany, lines 507-12, 543, Loeb Classical Library (Cambridge: Harvard Uni-
versity Press, 1914), pp. 6, 116, 118.
3 David Neiman, "The Two Genealogies of Japheth," Alter Orient and Altes
Testament 22 (1973):124.
4 E. Dhorme, "Les Peuples issus de Japhet d'apres le chapitre X de la Genese,"
Syria 13 (1932):28-49; Donald J. Wiseman, "Genesis 10: Some Archaeological
Considerations," 925th Ordinary General Meeting of the Victoria Institute,
December 6, 1954, p. 17.
5 They are listed in Assyrian as Gimirraya, and in Greek as Kimmerioi (Odys-
sey 11. 14 and Herodotus 1. 15, 103; 4. 1-142). Speiser identifies them with
Cymry as in the Welsh (E. A. Speiser, Genesis, The Anchor Bible [Garden City, NY:
Doubleday & Co., 1964], p. 63).
6 Josephus Antiquities of the Jews 1. 122-29. Skinner identified them with
barbarians called Ga-ga (John Skinner, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary
on Genesis [Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 19101, p. 197); Speiser related the name
to Gyges of Lydia and Gogaia in the Amarna Letters (Speiser, Genesis, p. 66).
7 They are called Yamanai in Sargon's texts, Ym'n in the fourteenth century Ras
Shamra tablets, and Ye-uan-(n)a in Egyptian referring to the Sea Peoples.
For a discussion of the identification of Javan with the twelve settlements iii
western Asia Minor, see Cassuto, From Noah to Abraham (Jerusalem: Magnes
Press, 1953), p. 190.
8 Wiseman says they are the same as the Hittite Tipal and Tibar district which
Naram Sin traversed around 2200 B.C. (Wiseman, "Genesis 10: Some Archaeolog-
ical Considerations," p. 18). Herodotus located the region in the north on the shore
of the Black Sea (Herodotus 3. 94); Josephus called them Cappadocians (Antiqui-
ties of the Jews 1. 122-29).
9 Thucydides 4. 109; Herodotus 1. 57, 59.
10 The connection with the Etruscans, suggested by Dhorme, is supported by
Wiseman. It would be comparable to the classical Tursanioi.
11 See Francis Brown, S. R. Driver, and Charles A. Briggs, A Hebrew and
English Lexicon of the Old Testament (Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, 1907), p.
79. They identify the word as Ascan(ians) with the az ending of Armenian
patronymics. The texts of Esarhaddon list Asguzai in the Lake Urmia region.
12 A textual problem makes the identification difficult; 1 Chronicles 1:6 has a'1
for the r. Since so little is known of the name, it is impossible to argue the case.
13 Hittite writings of Marsilis II (fourteenth century B. C.) list a district known as
Tagarma north of the road from Haran to Carchemish (Cassuto, From Noah to
Abraham, p. 192).
14 The name is listed on Amarna and Hittite lists. Excavations show these
people supplied purple to Tyre before being displaced by the Philistines around
1200 B.C. (Y. Lynn Holmes, "The Location of Alashiya," Journal of the American
Oriental Society 91 [19711:426-29).
15 The meaning of Tarshish is "foundry," according to David Neiman: the ships
of Tarshish carried iron ore ("Phoenician Place-Names," Journal of Near Eastern
Studies 24 (1965):113-15), Albright suggested Sardinia ("New Light on the Early
32 Bibliotheca Sacra - January-March 1981
History of Phoenician Colonization" Bulletin of the American Schools of
Oriental Research 83 [19411:14-22). Herodotus had identified it with Spain's
Tartassos (Herodotus 1. 163; 4. 152; see also Strabo 3. 151).
16 It is still a designation of the Greeks in later literature (1 Mace. 1:1; 8:5;
Babylonian Talmud Ta'anith 5b).
17 Neiman, "The Two Genealogies of Japheth," p. 121 (cf. Iliad 2. 750; 16.233-34
Odyssey 14. 327; 19. 296; Apollodorus The Library 1. 9, 16).
18 Neiman thinks it is related to the Egyptian term for "Black Land," for that title
of their land in Bohairic is Khemi; but the Hieroglyphic Egyptian begins with K
(Neiman, "The Two Genealogies of Japheth," p. 122).
19 T. Save-Soderbergh, "The Nubian Kingdom of the Second Intermediate
Period," Kush 4 (1956):54-61.
20 Kenneth A. Kitchen, "Punt and How to Get There," Orientalia, n.s. 4
(1971):184-207; Wendell Phillips, Qataban and Sheba (New York: Harcourt
Brace, & Co., 1955), p. 108.
21 The connection between the two is phonetically problematic, not only be
cause of the "n" in Punt, but also because of the "t" as against the "t" of Punt
which is only a feminine termination (J. Simons, "The 'Table of Nations' [Gen. 10]
Its General Structure and Meaning," Oudtestamentische Studien 10 [ 1954]:179)
22 The Greek and Latin versions refer to it as Libya. Josephus says Libya was
founded by Phoutes (Antiquities of the Jews 1. 132). Jubilees 9:1 takes it as Libya,
and Libyan mercenaries are well known from extra-biblical literature (but
Puntians are not) (Simons, "The 'Table of Nations,"' p. 180).
23 John C. L. Gibson, "Observations on Some Important Ethnic Terms in th
Pentateuch," Journal of Near Eastern Studies 20 (1961):217.
24 B. Maisler, "Canaan and the Canaanites," Bulletin of theAmerican Schools o
Oriental Research 102 (1946):7-12; E. A. Speiser, "The Name Phoinikes,"
Language 12 (1936):121-26.
25 Robert North, "The Hivites," Biblica 54 (1973):51.
26 The Memphis Stele of Amenophis II mentions 640 Canaanites in a social
standing (not ethnic); and the Tell El Amarna letters (EA 9, 19) mention ki-na-ha-
a-a-u. See Gibson, "Observations on Some Important Ethnic Terms," p. 217. .
27 James A. Montgomery, Arabia and the Bible (New York: KTAV Publishing
House, 1969).
28 Ibid., p. 42.
29 Cassuto, among others, believed that it had first been northern on the
peninsula, and then moved south around the eighth century B.C. (Cassuto, From
Noah to Abraham, p. 199).
30 Wiseman, "Genesis 10: Some Archaeological Considerations," p. 17; Bohl
"Babel and Bibel, " p. 115. Speiser takes him to be Tukulti-Ninurta I, an early ruler
of Assyria ("In Search of Nimrod," Oriental and Biblical Studies [Philadelphia
University of Pennsylvania Press, 1967], pp. 41-52).
31 The Septuagint renders dyica rOBGi as "the hunting giant," the Arabic as "the
terrible tyrant," and the Syriac as " the warlike giant." Midrash Rabbah 37:2 says
he snared people (see also Yoma 10a, and Josephus Antiquities of the Jews 1. 113-14).
32 Wiseman suggests that since Erech is written Uruk or Unuk in Sumerian, it
might be the city named after Enoch. Enoch's son was Irad, and he may have
founded Eridu (Wiseman, "Genesis 10: Some Archaeological Considerations," p 20).
33 J. A. Thompson, "Samaritan Evidence for 'All of them in the land of Shinar
(Gen. 10:10)," Journal of Biblical Literature 90 (1971):99-102.
34 It is possible to translate it "Asshur went out," but it is probably better to take
it the other way since the story is about Nimrod's exploits, and the preceding was
only the beginning.
35 Wiseman points out that archaeology shows that the earliest inhabitant
The Table of Nations in Genesis 10 - Its Content 33
and languages of the region were not Semitic. Before 2600 the civilization is
"Sumerian." Moreover there is a direct cultural link between Assyria, Babylonia,
and Egypt (Wiseman, "Genesis 10: Some Archaeological Considerations," p. 21).
36 Cassuto, From Noah to Abraham, p. 200. Los connects them to Lydian (Asia
Minor) mercenaries (F. J. Los, "The Table of Peoples of the Tenth Chapter of
Genesis," The Mankind Quarterly 7 [ 1967]:148).
37 Los connects them with On, the inhabitants of Heliopolis being meant
(ibid., p. 148). See also W. F. Albright, "A Colony of Cretan Mercenaries on the
Coast of the Negeb," Journal of the Palestine Oriental Society 1, 2 (1920-
22):117-94.
38 See Brown, Driver, and Briggs, who define it as "southland" and connect it
with the Akkadian Paturisi and the Egyptian P-to-rest (A Hebrew and English
Lexicon, p. 837). See also "Pathros"' in Isaiah 11:11 and Jeremiah 44:1.
39 Leupold thinks they may have come from Crete, earlier than the Philistines,
as part of the swarms of nations mixing with Egyptians (H. C. Leupold, Exposition
of Genesis [Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953], p. 370).
40 They are identified with Keftiu ("the region beyond"), referring to the
Mediterranean in the Egyptian language (Skinner, Genesis, p. 214).
41 Kenneth A. Kitchen, "The Philistines," in Peoples of Old Testament Times,
ed. Donald J. Wiseman (Oxford: At. the Clarendon Press, 1973), pp. 53-54.
42 J. M. Grintz, "The Immigration of the First Philistines in the Inscriptions"
[Hebrew], Tarbiz 17 (1945):32-42; "Notes on the Immigration of the First Philis-
tines in the Inscriptions" [Hebrew], Tarbiz 19 (1947):64.
43 A. Van Selms, "The Canaanites in the Book of Genesis," Oudtestamentische
Studien 12 (1958):182-213.
44 Wiseman points out that the Table must go back before the thirteenth
century due to the omission of Tyre (Wiseman, "Genesis 10: Some Archaeological
Considerations," p. 21).
45 See Hans Giiterback, "Toward a Definition of the Term Hittite," Oriens 10
(1975):233-39; Harry A. Hoffner, "Some Contributions of Hittitology to Old
Testament Study," Tyndale Bulletin 20 (1969):37; and Gibson, "Observations on
Some Important Ethnic Terms in the Pentateuch," p. 225. Of course if Genesis 10
is talking about the very beginnings, then there is no need to look for migrations.
But the Hattians or Nesites, the people of Hatti, remain a problem.
46 Alfred Halder, Who Were the Amorites? (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1971), pp. 20, 65-
66; Giorgio Buccellati, The Amorites of the Ur III Period (Naples: Institutio
Orientals di Napoli, 1966); M. Liverani, "The Amorites," in Peoples of Old Testa-
ment Times, p. 102.
47 North said the Hivites must represent the Horites or Hurrian element ("The
Hivites," p. 44).
48 Ibid., p. 61.
49 Arno Poebel, "The Name of Elam in Sumerian, Akkadian, and He-
brew," American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures 48 (1931):20-
37:2 says 26• See also Wiseman, "Genesis 10: Some Archaeological Considerations,
p. 22.
50 Several have tried to connect Arpachshad with the Kasdim, or Chaldeans
(e-g•, Los, The Table of Peoples of the Tenth Chapter of Genesis,” p. 158).
51 B. Maisler, The Genealogy of the Sons of Nahor and the Historical Back-
ground of the Book of Job" [Hebrew], Zion 11 (1946):1-16.
52 See the author's article, "The Dispersion of the Nations in Genesis 11:1-9, in
the forthcoming April-June 1981 issue of Bibliotheca Sacra.
53 Most take this to be a combination of the article lxa plus ddAOm ("friend”).
54 Silph is a district of Yemen, and Salph a Yemenite tribe (G. R. Driver, "Notes
34 Bibliotheca Sacra - January-March 1981
in Some Recently Recovered Proper Names, Bulletin of the American Schools of
Oriental Research 90 [1943]:34).
55 Phillips notes that even today tribesmen of Hadramaut proudly state they are
descendants of Joktan, supposed by them to be Qahtan, great-great-great-
grandson of Shem, son of Noah, and legendary ancestor of all South Arabians
(Phillips, Qataban and Sheba, pp. 28-29).
56 Gus W. Van Beck, "Prolegomenon," in Montgomery, Arabia and the Bible, pp
xiii-xv. He suggests that there were commercial and ethnic affinities

true lilly wrote: Seriously,[/color] those who still want to believe, those
who trash me, rather than my many Public,
AND PRIVATE WARNINGS, should forget about me,
and why I know these (and the many things I DON'T
so much as say to myself, let alone post on), are all,
connected, and just get on with Getting Right With
God.

Yo!!!! Suzy Woo Woo, clue me up how lying about Gods Book is 'getting right' with Him, or for that matter, gossiping and judging and cursing others is 'getting right' with Him?

You, propose, without any credentials or prerequisite education in Hebrew, that you are able to interpret the Jews Sacred Hebrew scriptures better, more accurately; then ALL the Rabbis/Teachers and credentialed Biblical Scholars on Planet Earth and make the preposterous, unsupported claim that the Hebrew word Mizraim does not mean Egypt, or that the Hebrews did not sojourn from Egypt, through the Sinai into Canaan/Israel.

You're Hubris is so gargantuan you use a Language you do not know: Hebrew, and attempt to write the Jews and Israel out of their own Book.......your Hubris is of monumental size. You claim the Torah is 'done away' with and then proceed to reinterpret it.

Explain that.


I proved you were wrong about your False Doctrine of Church replacement of the Jews and Israel Theology.

http://www.shema.com/Combating%20Replacement%20Theology/crt-004.php

I proved you wrong about your False Theology that Yahshua/Jesus and the Apostles 'did away' with YHWHs Torah/Instruction.

http://www.yrm.org/yah_p_law.htm

Romans 10:4—
For Yahshua is the ultimate result of keeping the Law unto righteousness for everyone who believes.

"I am the LORD your God who brought you out of the land of Egypt, from the house of slavery. You shall have no other gods in My presence..."
This commandment is to be aware that the God of Israel exists absolutely and influences all events in the world[23][dead link] and that the goal of the redemption from Egypt was to become His servants (Rashi). It requires the acknowledgment of the single God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, and the denial of the existence of false gods (Rashi)


Yahshua said (Matthew 23:37-40) “Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind. This is the first and great commandment. And the second is like unto it, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself. On these two commandments hang (hinge) all the law and the prophets.”

The whole point of Human existence is to learn and practice the SEcond Commandment that Yahshua declares...........Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself. ........so far you are failing miserably............. ...........gossiping, judging, fearmongering, bearing false witness...........time to shape up and fly right Suzy Woo Woo...............

Time to stand Toe to Toe like you falsely claim you do......support your False Teachings.................you extract Scripture from it context to twist it to fit your bias, Noah was 10 Generations AFTER Adam, long after the continents divided, Peleg was 5 Generations after Noah, the verse you twist to claim it is about the Continents Dividing means no such thing...it is in relation to the Tower of Babylon incident when YHWH confused the tongues of Humankind and dispersed them to the far corners of the Earth.........the whole icident is about the Hubris of humans, something you should, but don't recognize....read/study the following Documents.

THE NATURE OF THE ACCOUNT
The narrative in Genesis 11:1-9 describes the divine inter-
vention among the human family to scatter them across the face
of the earth by means of striking at the :heart of their unity- their
language. A quick reading of the passage shows that the pre-
dominant idea is not the tower of Babel but this scattering.
If the point is not simply the tower, then this passage does not
present, as some have suggested, a Hebrew adaptation of the
Greek Titans storming heaven to dislodge God. Rather, the char-
acteristics of the people in this story are anxiety and pride
through their own gregariousness.1 The tower, on the one hand,
is born from the people's fear of being scattered across the earth;
and on the other hand it is an attempt to frustrate God's plan to
fill the earth (Gen. 9:1).
The sin. Since the story has the trappings of a judgment
narrative in which Yahweh interrupts mankind's misguided
activities and scatters them abroad, it may be assumed that the
antithesis of this scattering must be the sin. The major error was
not the building of a city, but the attempt of the race to live in one
City.2 Therefore it appears that the human family was striving for
unity, security, and social immortality (making a name) in de-
fiance of God's desire for them to fill the earth.
Divine punishment. It is important to keep in mind that the
"judgment" was not the destruction of the city but of the language that united the people. It was shattered into a multiplicity
of languages so that the common bond was destroyed.3 Thus the
text is demonstrating that the present number of languages that
form national barriers is a monument to sin.....................So it is with this story that the common history of all man-
kind comes to an abrupt end, which leaves the human race
hopelessly scattered across the face of the entire earth. It is this
that makes the present narrative so different from those preced-
ing it: In each judgment there was a gracious provision for hope
but in this judgment there is none. It does not offer a token of
grace, a promise of any blessing, a hope of salvation, or a way of
escape. There is no clothing for the naked sinner, no protective
mark for the fugitive, no rainbow in the dark sky. There is no ray
of hope. The primeval age ends with judgmental scattering and
complete confusion. The blessing is not here; the world must
await the new history.
In view of this, the story of the scattering of the nations is
actually the turning point of the book from primeval history to
the history of the blessing. From this very confused and dis-
persed situation nations would develop in utter futility until God
would make a great nation through one man who himself would
be "scattered" from this alluvial plain to the land of Canaan. The
blessings of final redemption and unification would come
through his seed.........................Irony is seen in the beginning and the ending of this pas-
sage. The group at Babel began as the whole earth (11:1), but
now they were spread over the whole earth (11:9). By this the
lesson is clarified: God's purpose will be accomplished in spite of
the arrogance and defiance of man's own purposes. He brings
down the proud, but exalts the faithful.
The significance of this little story is great. It explains to
God's people how the nations were scattered abroad. Yet the
import goes much deeper. The fact that it was Babylon, the
beginning of kingdoms under Nimrod from Cush, adds a rather
ominous warning: Great nations cannot defy God and long sur-
vive. The new nation of Israel need only survey the many nations
around her to perceive that God disperses and curses the rebel-
lious, bringing utter confusion and antagonism among them. If
Israel would obey and submit to God's will, then she would be the
source of blessing to the world.
Unfortunately, Israel also raised her head in pride and re-
fused to obey the Lord God. Thus she too was scattered across the
face of the earth.

THE NEIGHBORHOOD WHERE I GREW UP was made up of Jews, Catholics, and Protestants. Every year at Christmas time in the 1950’s, all of our Gentile neighbors put up the Nativity Scene on their lawns. I simply loved looking at the Nativity Scene! And I wanted to know more about Jesus Christ. But we were forbidden to even mention Jesus Christ’s name unless we used it as a curse word.

true lilly wrote:
And, as the Mountains in Turkey called, "Ararat",
did NOT YET EXIST during The Super Continent Age
of NOAH, I find it sad that 'you mob' still believe that
any of your RECENT EARTH HISTORY "stories" PREACHED
to keep The Faith in The Insanely Too Short Egyptian DEATH
Worshiping Religion 'alive', have any power to wield against
those of us who have torn off That Hoodwink...the only ones
'you mob' need to, BUT CAN'T defeat.

Proterozoic Eon (2500 to 542 mya)mya=millions of years ago.

Proterozoic Eon
(2500 to 542 mya) Paleoproterozoic Era (2500 to 1600 mya)
Siderian Period (2500 to 2300 mya)
- Stable continents first appeared. - 2500 mya: First free oxygen is found
in the oceans and atmosphere.
- 2400 mya: Great Oxidation Event,
also called the Oxygen Catastrophe.
Oxidation precipitates dissolved iron
creating banded iron formations.[14]
Anaerobic organisms are poisoned by oxygen. - 2400 mya: Start of Huronian ice age
Rhyacian Period (2300 to 2050 mya)
- 2200 mya: Organisms with mitochondria
capable of aerobic respiration appear.
- 2100 mya: End of Huronian ice age
Orosirian Period (2050 to 1800 mya)
- Intensive orogeny (mountain development)
- 2023 mya: Meteor impact, 300 km crater
Vredefort, South Africa [9]
- 2000 mya: Solar luminosity is 85% of current level.
- Oxygen starts accumulating in the atmosphere
- 1850 mya: Meteor impact, 250 km crater
Sudbury, Ontario, Canada [9]..........................Permian Period (299 to 251 mya)
- 275 mya: Formation of the supercontinent Pangea......................................Quaternary Period (2.58 mya to today)
Pleistocene Epoch (2.58 mya to 11,400 yrs ago)
- Several major episodes of global cooling, or glaciations
- 2.4 mya: Homo habilis appeared
- 2.1 mya: Yellowstone supervolcanic eruption
- 2 mya: Tool-making humanoids emerge.
Beginning of the Stone Age.
- 1.7 mya: Homo erectus first moves out of Africa

Counting Backwards from Now


60 years ago - Invention of the computer.

130 years ago - Invention of the telephone.

180 years ago - Fossil fuel revolution: coal, trains.

540 years ago - Invention of the printing press.

5,500 years ago - Invention of the wheel, writing.

7,600 years ago - Sahara desert starts forming in northern Africa.

8,800 years ago - The first cities.

10,300 years ago - End of the most recent glacial period: the Wisconsin glaciation.

12,700 - 11,500 years ago - the Younger Dryas.

18,000 years ago - Cultivation of plants, herding of animals. Homo sapiens arrives in the Americas.

21,000 years ago - Last glacial maximum: ice sheets down to the Great Lakes, the mouth of the Rhine, and covering the British Isles.

32,000 years ago - Oldest known cave paintings.

35,000 years ago - Invention of the calendar, extinction of Homo neanderthalensis. Homo sapiens arrives in Europe.

50,000 years ago - Homo sapiens arrives in central Asia.

100,000 years ago - Homo sapiens arrives in the Middle East.

110,000 years ago - Beginning of the most recent glacial period: the Wisconsin glaciation.

130,000 years ago - Beginning of the Eemian interglacial.

200,000 years ago - Beginning of the 2nd most recent glacial period: the Wolstonian glaciation.

250,000 years ago - First Homo sapiens.

350,000 years ago - First Homo neanderthalensis.

380,000 years ago - Beginning of the Hoxnian interglacial.

450,000 years ago - Beginning of the 3rd most recent glacial period: the Kansan glaciation, during which ice sheets reached their maximum extent in the Pleistocene, down to Kansas and Slovakia.

620,000 years ago - Beginning of the Cromerian interglacial.

1.4 million years ago - First firemaking by humans.

1.9 million years ago - First Homo erectus.

2.5 million years ago - First Homo habilis. Beginning of a period of repeated glaciation (loosely speaking, "ice ages").

3 million years - Cooling trend causes year-round ice to form at the North Pole.

3.9 million years ago - First known Australopithecus afarensis.

5 million years ago - Humans split off from other apes (gorillas and chimpanzees).

21 million years ago - Apes split off from other monkeys.

24 million years ago - Cooling trend causes the formation of grasslands; Antarctica becomes covered with ice.

34 million years ago - Gondwanaland finishes breaking up, with Australia and South America separating from Antarctica.

50 million years ago - India begins to collide with Asia, eventually forming the Himalayas.

67 million years ago - Asteroid hit Mexico, causing the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction. End of dinosaurs. 50% of all species died out! Intensification of world cooling trend.

114 million years ago - First modern mammals. World begins to cool.

150 million years ago - First birds.

200 million years ago - Pangaea began to split into separate continents: Gondwana to the south and Laurasia to the north, separated by the Tethys Sea.




205 million years ago - The Triassic-Jurassic extinction. End of large amphibians and many reptiles.

235 million years ago - First dinosaurs, flowers.

250 million years ago - The Permian-Triassic extinction. 90% of all species died out! Formation of the supercontinent Pangaea, with surrounding ocean Panthalassa.



313 million years ago - First reptiles.

365 million years ago - The Late Devonian extinction. 70% of marine species died out! First amphibians, trees.

395 million years ago - First insects on land.

415 million years ago - The Old Red Sandstone Continent, also known as Laurussia, is formed by the collision of Baltica and Laurentia at the beginning of the Devonian.

440 million years ago - The Ordovician-Silurian extinction. Most marine species died out.

670 million years ago - First animals.

630-850 million years ago - The Cryogenian Period, also known as Snowball Earth - the worst ice age in the Earth's history.

800 million years ago - The supercontinent Rodinia begins to break up.

1 billion years ago - Formation of the supercontinent Rodinia

1.3 billion years ago - First plants.

1.6 billion years ago - First blue-green algae.

2.4 billion years ago - The Great Oxidation Event: the Earth's atmosphere gets oxygen.
3 billion years ago - Formation of the first known continent, Ur.

3.8 - 4 billion years ago - The Late Heavy Bombardment: a period during which the Earth, Moon, Venus and Mars were subjected to many asteroid impacts, after a relatively calm period of several million years.

4 billion years ago - First life on Earth.

4.45 billion years ago - Formation of Earth complete; storm of asteroid impacts.

4.5 billion years ago - Formation of the Moon: according to the Giant Impact Hypothesis, this happened when Theia collided with proto-Earth.

4.55 billion years ago - Formation of the Solar System.

13.3 billion years ago - Reionization: the first stars heat and ionize hydrogen gas.

13.3 - 13.7 billion years ago - The Dark Ages, after the formation of hydrogen and before the first stars.

13.7 billion years ago - The Big Bang: beginning of the universe as we know it!

Ararat - The Bible says that Noah's ark landed on the mountains of Ararat. This does not refer to any specific mountain or peak, but rather a mountain range within the region of Ararat, which was the name of an ancient proto-Armenian kingdom also known as Urartu.[6] Nonetheless, one particular tradition identifies the mountain as Mount Masis, the highest peak in the Armenian Highland, which is therefore called Mount Ararat.[6] (As opposed to the Armenian and European tradition, Semitic tradition identifies the mountain as Judi Dagh located in Turkey near Cizre.)[note 1] According to the medieval Armenian historian Moses of Khoren in his History of Armenia, the plain of Ayrarat (directly north of the mountain) got its name after King Ara the Handsome[7] (the great grandson of Amasya). Here the Assyrian Queen Semiramis is said to have lingered for a few days after the death of Ara.[7] According to Thomson, the mountain is called Ararat (Armenian: Արարատ) corresponding to Ayrarat, the name of the province.[note 2][note 3]...............................Geology
Masis, Ararat plainArarat is a stratovolcano, formed of lava flows and pyroclastic ejecta, with no volcanic crater. Above the height of 4,100 m (13,451 ft), the mountain mostly consists of igneous rocks covered by an ice cap.[10] A smaller 3,896 m (12,782 ft) cone, Little Ararat, rises from the same base, southeast of the main peak. The lava plateau stretches out between the two pinnacles. The bases of these two mountains is approximately 1,000 km2 (386 sq mi).[11] The formation of Ararat is hard to retrieve geologically, but the type of vulcanism and the position of the volcano raise the idea that subduction relation vulcanism occurred when the Tethys Ocean closed during the Neogene.[12]

sabrage wrote:ahhhhhhhh...........the Lying Idiots have Posted, Yo! Suzi Woo Woo, I Posted the evolutionary Time line.......... like the Idiot NAZI rodin...........get a life you morons.............

your problem is: Your antisemitic bullshit discards the Jews and THEIR Scripture and you just 'pull shit out of your ass'.....you are not expert in Hebrew......ALL Jewish/Hebrew experts agree that MIZRAIM means Egypt, and the Time Line of Abraham-Moses/Sinai is well established by FACTS.......Archaeological, Historical, Literary.....

Ciggy wrote:You and Sue. Spam times two.

true lilly wrote:...only a tiny sample
of the countless examples of why the wise,
keep, The First Commandment, First and Last.

true lilly wrote:That's
The First Commandment of The Creator God,
Who told us, From The Beginning,
about All This Real World He Really Created,
and THE AGE of LIFE, HERE In This Real World,
BEFORE OXYGEN=the prince of the air=DEATH...

Scientists claim bacteria fossils discovered
in Port Hedland
are more than 3.4 billion years old
August 22, 2011 9:00AM

A 3D image of the 3.4 billion-year-old microfossil found in Western Australia. Picture: AFP / David Wacey and Derek Gertsmann.



Strelley Pool in Pilbara region of Western Australia
where the fossils were found. Picture: AFP / David Wacey

SCIENTISTS in Western Australia have uncovered fossils
which they say are the oldest evidence of life on earth.

A team of researchers from the University of WA and Britain's
Oxford University say they have proof that the microscopic fossils,
found at Strelley Pool near Port Hedland, are more than 3.4 billion
years old.

The sulphur-based bacteria was found well preserved between quartz sand
grains in prehistoric sedimentary rocks, Oxford University's Professor
Martin Brasier said.

"We can be very sure about the age (of the fossils) as the rocks were formed
between two volcanic successions that narrow the possible age down to a few
tens of millions of years," he said in a statement.

The fossils are very clearly preserved, showing precise cell-like structures
all of a similar size, the research team said.

"At last we have good solid evidence for life over 3.4 billion years ago.
It confirms there were bacteria at this time,
living without oxygen,"
Prof Brasier said.
"Such bacteria are still common today.
Sulphur bacteria are found in smelly ditches,
soil, hot springs, hydrothermal vents —
anywhere where there's little free oxygen
and they can live off organic matter."

In recent years new scientific benchmarks have been introduced
that must be satisfied by researchers before claims can be made
about the age of fossils.

The West Australian fossils pass crucial tests including that the forms
seen in the rocks are biological and have not occurred through some
mineralisation process, Prof Brasier said.

"We're now making detailed comparisons with all other early microfossils,
and we're very optimistic for future finds," he said.

"The work also has implications for looking for life on other planets,
giving an indication of what evidence for such life might look like."

el kabong wrote:The Real Zion and Real Mizraim

As anyone following this debate will be aware that Lilly has a deformed and corrupt Theology, she distorts Scripture to foster hatred for Jews by claiming the Jews of Israel are 'Fakes' and that Australia is the real Promised Land of Zion.

She is also anti-Torah/Instruction which makes he anti-God and Anti-Messiah. This Thread will provide the true/actual meanings of Biblical Words & Doctrines so that readers may not be deceived and misled.



Question: What is Zionism? What does this have to do with Kabbalah and Bnei Baruch?

My Answer: “Kabbalah is the method of revealing the Creator to man in this world” (Baal HaSulam, article “The Essence of the Wisdom of Kabbalah”). Zionism is a social movement in favor of returning to Zion (Israel). The Kabbalistic definition is as follows: the Land of Israel is also called “Zion,” from the word Yetzia – “exit” in Hebrew. Any person who exits the limits of our egoistic world and enters the Upper, Altruistic World, enters “Zion.” Mi Tzion Tize Tora (the Torah will come from Zion), means that when a person exits his egoistic state, he comes to the Light.

el kabong wrote:First word: Torah = Instruction = The Tree of Life
'
Testimony from Yahshua Messiah/Jesus being tempted by Satan in the Desert Wilderness.
Book of Matthew 4
4 Then Yahshua/Jesus was led up by the Spirit into the wilderness to be tried by the devil.

2And after having fasted forty days and forty nights, He was hungry.

3And the trier came and said to Him, “If You are the Son of Elohim, command that these stones become bread.”

4 But He answering, said, “It has been written, ‘Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that comes from the mouth of Yahweh.’


1 TIMOTHY

8And we know that the Torah is good if one uses it legitimately,


2 TIMOTHY 3

13But evil men and impostors shall go on to the worse,d leading astray and being led astray.

14But you, stay in what you have learned and trusted, having known from whom you have learned,

15and that from a babe you have known the Set-apart Scriptures, which are able to make you wise for deliverance through belief in Messiah .

16All Scripture is breathed by Elohim and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for setting straight, for instruction in righteousness,

17that the man of Elohim might be fitted, equipped for every good work.

6For among them are those who creep into households and captivate silly women loaded down with sins, led away by various lusts, 7always learning and never able to come to the knowledge of the truth.

What Lilly does not comprehend is that Yahshua and His Apostles were teaching the Torah/Instruction of YHWH to Jews and Gentiles alike. Yahshua was universalizing Torah/Instruction.


http://www.sabbath-day.com/f0501c.html

The Law Defines the Righteousness of Christ

The fact that Christ kept the law in its perfect entirety is one of the main themes of Paul's writing. Indeed, this theme appears in his writing as one of the foundation stones for faith. Hebrews 4:15,16 is one of our most encouraging texts: "For we do not have a high priest who cannot sympathize with our weaknesses, but one who has been tempted in all things as we are, yet without sin. Let us therefore draw near with confidence to the throne of grace, that we may receive mercy and may find grace to help in time of need." Christ lived on earth "without sin". Because we know that "sin is the transgression of the law" (1 John. 3:4) and we know that Christ knew the law, we can safely deduce that Christ perfectly kept the law. Thus, we can look to the law to define the standard of Christ's righteousness.

1 John 3:7 tells us, "Little children, let no one deceive you; the one who practices righteousness is righteous, just as He is righteous." The Ten Commandments tell us what is righteousness, and the one who practices these things is righteous. We must remember that if any one of us could perfectly keep the law, that law would be counted as righteousness to us, as it was to Christ. As Romans 2:26 states, "If therefore the uncircumcised man keeps the requirements of the Law, will not his uncircumcision be regarded as circumcision?" Which is to say, even a Gentile who keeps the law perfectly is viewed by God as a perfect man--a true Jew.

Yet, not one of us has kept the law, "There is none righteous, not even one. . . . For all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God," (Rom. 3:10, 23) and not one of us CAN keep it--in our own strength. But, Christ DID keep the law perfectly, and so He has a righteousness which it is impossible for us to obtain through any works on our part. The beauty of the Gospel is that Jesus will give us HIS righteousness--even though we cannot earn it in any way--and God will view us through Christ's righteousness as though it were our own. As Philippians 3:9 states, "And may [I] be found in Him, not having a righteousness of my own derived from the Law, but that which is through faith in Christ, the righteousness which comes from God on the basis of faith."

Now, we can fairly say that Jesus was justified by the works of the law. We read about this in Heb. 5:8,9 and 7:26,27: "Although He was a Son, He learned obedience from the things which He suffered. And having been made perfect, He became to all those who obey Him the source of eternal salvation." "For it was fitting that we should have such a high priest, holy, innocent, undefiled, separated from sinners and exalted above the heavens; who does not need daily, like those high priests, to offer up sacrifices, first for His own sins, and then for the sins of the people." But, we can never be justified in that way, because we are sinners and all our works originate in sin. Unless Jesus covers our best efforts with His perfect righteousness, they are "as filthy rags". Jesus did what we have failed to do--He kept the law perfectly! Adam had the chance to be justified by the law, but he failed. Jesus passed over the same ground and succeeded.

Notice that Hebrews 5:8,9 informs us that Jesus was made perfect through obedience. We cannot be made perfect through obedience--we must be made perfect through faith. When we have faith, Jesus lives in us and His righteousness becomes ours. We live His life with His power, become obedient, and thus, perfect. But the end result is the same: perfect obedience to God's law.

The whole point of the Gospel is to restore in man the image of God, to bring man back into harmony with the principles of God's government as they are revealed in God's law. Thus, the central point of righteousness--be it Christ's or our own--is keeping the law. Only one who keeps the law is in harmony with God's government. Let no one deceive you. "So speak and so act, as those who are to be judged by the law of liberty." (James 2:12) That law is the standard of righteousness. Look to Christ to see how it may be kept.


Isaiah 8

8:16 Bind up the testimony, seal the law among my disciples.

8:17 And I will wait upon Yahweh, that hideth his face from the house of Jacob, and I will look for him.

8:18 Behold, I and the children whom Yahweh hath given me are for signs and for wonders in Israel from Yahweh of hosts, which dwelleth in mount Zion.

8:19 And when they shall say unto you, Seek unto them that have familiar spirits, and unto wizards that peep, and that mutter: should not a people seek unto their Elohim? for the living to the dead?

8:20 To the law and to the testimony: if they speak not according to this word, it is because there is no light in them.


Any honest person can read the above scripture and see that anyone who teahes against YHWHs Torah/Instruction is a False Teacher. You can also plainly see that Mount Zion is in Israel. Anyone who tells you otherwise is being False. Beware of those who extract and deform Scripture. Scripture supports itself. A False Doctrine will be exposed by Scripture.


http://www.jewfaq.org/torah.htm

Torah

Level: Basic
• Torah in the narrowest sense refers to the first five books of the Bible
• In a broader sense, Torah includes all Jewish law and tradition
• Torah was given to Moses in written form with oral commentary
• The oral component is now written in the Talmud
• There are additional important writings

The word "Torah" is a tricky one, because it can mean different things in different contexts. In its most limited sense, "Torah" refers to the Five Books of Moses: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy. But the word "torah" can also be used to refer to the entire Jewish bible (the body of scripture known to non-Jews as the Old Testament and to Jews as the Tanakh or Written Torah), or in its broadest sense, to the whole body of Jewish law and teachings.
Written Torah
To Jews, there is no "Old Testament." The books that Christians call the New Testament are not part of Jewish scripture. The so-called Old Testament is known to us as Written Torah or the Tanakh.

This is a list of the books of Written Torah, in the order in which they appear in Jewish translations, with the Hebrew name of the book, a translation of the Hebrew name (where it is not the same as the English name), and English names of the books (where it is not the same as the Hebrew name). The Hebrew names of the first five books are derived from the first few words of the book. The text of each book is more or less the same in Jewish translations as what you see in Christian bibles, although there are some occasional, slight differences in the numbering of verses and there are some significant differences in the translations.

TORAH (The Law):

Bereishith (In the beginning...) (Genesis)
Shemoth (The names...) (Exodus)
Vayiqra (And He called...) (Leviticus)
Bamidbar (In the wilderness...) (Numbers)
Devarim (The words...) (Deuteronomy)
NEVI'IM (The Prophets):

Yehoshua (Joshua)
Shoftim (Judges)
Shmuel (I &II Samuel)
Melakhim (I & II Kings)
Yeshayah (Isaiah)
Yirmyah (Jeremiah)
Yechezqel (Ezekiel)
The Twelve (treated as one book)
Hoshea (Hosea)
Yoel (Joel)
Amos
Ovadyah (Obadiah)
Yonah (Jonah)
Mikhah (Micah)
Nachum
Chavaqquq (Habbakkuk)
Tzefanyah (Zephaniah)
Chaggai
Zekharyah (Zechariah)
Malakhi
KETHUVIM (The Writings):

Tehillim (Psalms)
Mishlei (Proverbs)
Iyov (Job)
Shir Ha-Shirim (Song of Songs)
Ruth
Eikhah (Lamentations)
Qoheleth (the author's name) (Ecclesiastes)
Esther
Daniel
Ezra & Nechemyah (Nehemiah) (treated as one book)
Divrei Ha-Yamim (The words of the days) (Chronicles)
Written Torah is often referred to as the Tanakh, which is an acrostic of Torah, Nevi'im and Ketuvim.

Torah Scrolls
The scriptures that we use in services are written on parchment scrolls. They are always hand-written, in attractive Hebrew calligraphy with "crowns" (crows-foot-like marks coming up from the upper points) on many of the letters. This style of writing is known as STA"M (an abbreviation for "Sifrei Torah, Tefillin and Mezuzot," which is where you will see that style of writing). For more information about the STA"M alphabet, including illustrations and relevant rules, see Hebrew Alphabet used in writing STA"M.

You are not supposed to touch the parchment on these scrolls; some say because they are too holy; some say because the parchment, made from animal skins, is a source of ritual defilement; others say because your fingers' sweat has acids that will damage the parchment over time. Instead, you follow the text with a pointer, called a Yad. "Yad" means "hand" in Hebrew, and the pointer usually is in the shape of a hand with a pointing index finger (I always find this incredibly amusing). The scrolls are kept covered with fabric, and often ornamented with silver crowns on the handles of the scrolls and a silver breastplate on the front.

The scrolls are kept in a cabinet in the synagogue called an "ark," as in Ark of the Covenant, not as in Noah's Ark. The words are different and unrelated in Hebrew. Noah's ark (and also the ark that Moses was placed in) are called in Hebrew teyvat (ship). I was taught that the "Ark" of the Covenant and the ark in synagogue are an acrostic of "aron kodesh" (holy cabinet), but others have told me that it is merely an archaic English word derived from the Latin arca (cabinet).

The Torah scrolls that we read from in synagogue are unpointed text, with no vowels or musical notes, so the ability to read a passage from a scroll is a valuable skill, and usually requires substantial advance preparation (reviewing the passage in a text with points). See Hebrew Alphabet for more on pointed and unpointed texts.

Chumash
Jewish scriptures are sometimes bound in a form that corresponds to the division into weekly readings (called parshiyot in Hebrew). Scriptures bound in this way are generally referred to as a chumash. The word "chumash" comes from the Hebrew word meaning five, and refers to the five books of the Torah. Sometimes, a chumash is simply refers to a collection of the five books of the Torah. But often, a chumash contains the entire first five books, divided up by the weekly parshiyot, with the haftarah portion inserted after each week's parshah.

Oral Torah: The Talmud
In addition to the written scriptures we have an "Oral Torah," a tradition explaining what the above scriptures mean and how to interpret them and apply the Laws. Orthodox Jews believe G-d taught the Oral Torah to Moses, and he taught it to others, down to the present day. This tradition was maintained only in oral form until about the 2d century C.E., when the oral law was compiled and written down in a document called the Mishnah.

Over the next few centuries, additional commentaries elaborating on the Mishnah were written down in Jerusalem and Babylon. These additional commentaries are known as the Gemara. The Gemara and the Mishnah together are known as the Talmud. This was completed in the 5th century C.E.

There are actually two Talmuds: the Jerusalem Talmud and the Babylonian Talmud. The Babylonian Talmud is more comprehensive, and is the one most people mean if they just say "the Talmud" without specifying which one.

There have been additional commentaries on the Talmud by such noted Jewish scholars as Rashi and Rambam. Adin Steinsaltz is currently preparing a new edition of the Talmud, with his own commentary supplementing the Mishnah, Gemara, and Rashi commentaries.

The Talmud is not easy to read. It reminds me of someone else's class notes for a college lecture you never attended. There are often gaps in the reasoning where it is assumed that you already know what they are talking about, and concepts are often expressed in a sort of shorthand. Biblical verses that support a teaching are often referenced by only two or three words. The Talmud preserves a variety of views on every issue, and does not always clearly identify which view is the accepted one.

The Mishnah is divided into six sections called sedarim (in English, orders). Each seder contains one or more divisions called masekhtot (in English, tractates). There are 63 masekhtot in the Mishnah. Approximately half of these masekhtot have been addressed in the Talmud. Although these divisions seem to indicate subject matter, it is important to note that the Mishnah and the Talmud engage in quite a bit of free-association, thus widely diverse subjects may be discussed in a seder or masekhtah. Below is the division of the Mishnah into sedarim and masekhtot:

Zera'im (Seeds), dealing with agricultural laws
Berakhot
Peah
Demai
Kilayim
Shebiit
Terumot
Maaserot
Maaser Sheni
Challah
Orlah
Bikkurim
Mo'ed (Festival), dealing with Shabbat and festivals
Shabbat
Erubin
Pesachim
Sheqalim
Yoma
Sukkah
Besah
Rosh Hashanah
Taanit
Megillah
Moed Qatan
Hagigah
Nashim (Women), dealing with marriage, divorce and contracts
Yebamot
Ketubot
Nedarim
Nazir
Sotah
Gittin
Qiddushin
Nezikin (Damages), dealing with tort laws and other financial laws
Baba Qamma
Baba Mesia
Baba Batra
Sanhedrin
Makkot
Shabuot
Eduyyot
Avodah Zarah
Avot (also known as Pirkei Avot, Ethics of the Fathers)
Horayot
Kodashim (Holy Things), dealing with sacrifices and the Temple
Zevachim
Menachot
Chullin
Bekhorot
Arakhin
Temurah
Keritot
Meilah
Tamid
Middot
Qinnim
Toharot (Purities), dealing with laws of ritual purity and impurity
Kelim
Ohalot
Negaim
Parah
Tohorot
Miqvaot
Niddah
Makhshirin
Zabim
Tebul-Yom
Yadayim
Uqsin
In recent times, many observant Jews have taken up the practice of studying a page of Talmud every day. This practice, referred to as daf yomi, was started at the First International Congress of the Agudath Yisrael World Movement in August, 1923. Rav Meir Shapiro, the rav of Lublin, Poland, proposed uniting people worldwide through the daily study of a page of Talmud. Daf Yomi is currently in its 11th cycle. A calendar of the cycle can be found at Daf Yomi Calendar.

Other Writings
In addition to these works, we have midrashim, which are basically stories expanding on incidents in the Bible to derive principles or Jewish law or to teach moral lessons. For example, there is a midrash about why Moses wasn't a good speaker (he put coals in his mouth as a child basically as a way of proving that he wasn't greedy), and another one about Abram discovering monotheism and rejecting his father's idolatry (that's a nifty one: basically, he smashes up all his father's idols except the big one, then blames the mess on the big one, as a way of showing his father that the idols don't really have any power). Some of them fill in gaps in the narrative. For example, in Gen. 22:2, why does G-d say, "thy son, thine only son, whom thou lovest, even Isaac." Wouldn't the name alone be enough? One story says that the narrative is skipping out Abraham's responses. "Take thy son." "Which one?" "Thine only son." "But I have two!" "Whom thou lovest." "I love them both!" "Even Isaac." (I'm not sure this is a traditional one -- I got it from a questionable source -- but I like it).

There is also a vast body of responsa, answers to specific questions of Jewish law. Beginning in the middle ages, when local rabbis were faced with difficult issues of Jewish law, they often wrote to the most respected rabbis in the world to get answers to these questions. The local rabbi would present the situation, often including detailed references to the Talmudic passages he had reviewed and his own interpretations of these authorities, and the world-renowned rabbi would provide a reasoned argument in favor of his answer. Over time, these responsa were collected into printed volumes. This tradition continues to the present day, and there are several rabbis in this century who have developed responsa on issues relating to modern technologies. For example, Rabbi Moshe Feinstein, who died in the 1980s, wrote responsa on such diverse topics as the permissibility of cosmetic surgery, the kashering of dishwashers, and artificial insemination. There are literally thousands of volumes of responsa. A project at Bar-Ilan University is compiling these responsa into a computer database. See their website at The Responsa Project for more information.

As you can see, the body of Jewish tradition is very vast. Is there any place to get quick answers? In the middle ages, there were several attempts to create definitive codes of Jewish law. The best-known of these codes are Rambam's Mishneh Torah and Joseph Caro's Shulchan Arukh. In their own time, these works were very controversial, because they did not identify the Torah or Talmudic basis for their opinions and generally ignored conflicting opinions. There was concern that such works would discourage Jews from studying the primary sources: Torah and Talmud. Today, however, these sources are well-respected. In fact, the Shulchan Arukh is often treated as a primary source.

We also have a mystical tradition, known as Kabbalah. The primary written work in the Kabbalistic tradition is the Zohar. Traditionally, rabbis discouraged teaching this material to anyone under the age of 40, because it is too likely to be misinterpreted by anyone without sufficient grounding in the basics.


http://www.torah.org/




The Written Law (The Torah)

http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/The_Written_Law.html

The Written Law consists of the books of the Hebrew Bible, the Tanakh. The term "Bible" is more commonly used by non-Jews, as are the terms "Old Testament" and "New Testament." The appropriate term for Jews to use for the Hebrew Bible is "Tanakh." Tanakh is an acronym for Torah, Nevi'im (Prophets) and Ketuvim (Writings).

The Torah is also known as the Chumash, Pentateuch or Five Books of Moses. The word "Torah" has the following meanings:

1. A scroll made from kosher animal parchment, with the entire text of the Five Books of Moses written in it by a sofer [ritual scribe]. This is the most limited definition.

2. More often, this term means the text of the Five Books of Moses, written in any format, whether Torah scroll, paperback book, CD­ROM, sky­writing or any other media. Any printed version of the Torah (with or without commentary) can be called a Chumash or Pentateuch; however, one never refers to a Torah Scroll as a Chumash.

3. The term "Torah" can mean the entire corpus of Jewish law. This includes the Written and the Oral Law, which includes the Mishna, the Midrash, the Talmud and even later day legal commentaries. This definition of Torah is probably the most common among Orthodox Jews. Usually you can figure out which definition is being used by the context.

Text of the Torah and Tanakh

The above resources will be of help in check any would be teachers Data/Claims.

el kabong wrote:I've repeatedly asked Lilly for her definition of Tsiyon/Zion, a Hebrew Word and concept found in the Bible. She has refused to reply.

Instead she resorts to off topic spam and scripture extracted from context to claim that Yahweh has broken His eternal Covenant with the Jews and Israel and now has made her a prophetess and Australia the Promised Land. If you think that that claim is Bat shit Cuckoo you are absolutely correct.

Her False Doctrines are: Anti Torah/Instruction; Anti-Jewish, Anti-Israel, Anti-Messiah.........let's just say she has some issues, yet notice how much she quotes scripture to support her false claims.

Tsiyon/Zion-it's true meanings are Spiritual/Geographical/Political..a very profound word.

http://mashiyach.com/

The Kingdom of Elohim is represented by Tsiyon (pronounced Tsee-yone or Zion in English), a literal place in Jerusalem, that symbolizes a spiritual place, the seat of Mashiyach's government on this earth. Originally Zion was a small location in Jerusalem, then it became a code name for the whole city of Jerusalem.

For it is said in the Scripture, “Behold, in Tsiyon I lay a chosen and precious stone for the head of the corner; and whoever believes in him will not be ashamed.” On you therefore who believe is this honor conferred: but to them who do not believe “he is a stone of stumbling and a rock of offense.” And they stumble at it because they believe not the Word from where they were appointed. But you are an elect race, officiating as priests of the Kingdom; a Set Apart people, a redeemed congregation; that you should proclaim the praises of him who called you out of darkness to his precious light: who formerly were not counted as a people but now are the people of Elohim; and also, there were (once) no mercies on you but now mercies are poured out upon you.

My beloved, I entreat you as strangers and pilgrims, separate yourselves from all lusts of the body, for they war against the soul. And let your behavior be honorable before all men; so that they who utter evil speeches against you, may see your good actions and may praise Elohim in the day of trial.

And be submissive to all the sons of men, for Elohim’s sake; to kings, on account of their authority; and to judges because they are sent by him for the punishment of offenders, and for the praise of them that do well. For so is the will of Elohim, that by your good deeds you may stop the mouth of the foolish who do not know Elohim: As free men, you are not like men who make their freedom a cloak for their wickedness, but as the servants of Elohim. 1 Peter 2:6-16

Throughout Scripture we read of a Kingdom that is not of this earth, but it is shaped from the pattern that is in Heaven. The tabernacle in the wilderness was built according to the specifications that YHWH gave to Moses and within that tabernacle, each of the physical elements are symbols of the spiritual or heavenly Kingdom.

It is also interesting to note that Zion is mentioned in 153 verses in the Tanakh/OT... this is the same number of fish the disciples caught in John 21:11. The symbolism is clear, Yeshua taught his disciples how to build the Kingdom of Heaven, as opposed to a religion "about" the Kingdom of Heaven, a very big difference.

We are being trained to know what Tsiyon is, and what it is not. No religion or people's groups have exclusive rights to Tsiyon, it belongs to the people of Mashiyach regardless of religion, race, color or creed. The Government of Tsiyon is on the shoulder of Mashiyach. Mashiyach is returning to the Mount of Olives from whence he departed, but this time round Scripture tells us he will be Mashiyach Ben David a much different scenario than when he first came to earth.

There is the Israel of Elohim (spiritual) and there is the other kingdom of Israel of the flesh. Not all who are Israel of the flesh are the Israel of Elohim. If we can look at Jews, Christians or Muslims without judging them by their religion or race, then we are getting closer to ZION, as how it is revealed in Mashiyach. The Kingdom of Elohim is a government, NOT a religion.

Tsiyon is also the place in our neshama (spirit) where we connect with Mashiyach where our heart receives and gives love for all of Creation, where we can see all others through the eyes of Mashiyach and carry no prejudice towards anyone. The Kingdom is within us, it is not an external government or religion.

You're claim that Israel is an insignificant strip of sand illuminates your ignorance. Israel is the Left/Western Arm of the fertile Crescent..........the Israelites have even made the southern desert areas bloom due to hard work, a foreign concept to you.

http://www.zionism-israel.com/

What is Zionism?
Zionism is the political movement that is implementing the national liberation of the Jewish people. It is based on the assertion that the Jewish people, like any other people, has the right to self-determination; Jews have a right to a national home in their historic homeland. Zionism has made a reality of the "impossible" project of restoration of the Jewish people to our homeland, after nearly 2,000 years of exile. The work of Zionism is far from complete, however.

Zionism has always been a part of Judaism
The ideological and cultural foundations of Zionism have always been present in Jewish tradition. Jews always thought of themselves as a nation or people. The concept of "am Yisrael" - the "people of Israel" or "nation of Israel," has been inherent in Jewish culture from ancient times. Jewish cultural and religious life always centered around the land of Israel. This did not change during two millennia of dispersion.

el kabong wrote:I've also requested Lilly to define the Hebrew word Mizraim, she claims it does not mean Egypt; yet she will not provide a credentialed and sourced alternative definition. Instead she Spams off topic nonsense. She claims that the Hebrews/Israelites were never in Egypt and did not cross the sea to the Sinai. and then into Canaan/Israel the Promised Land of Abraham.

Lilly, define Mizraim and Zion:

Mizraim means Egypt. Zion is Israel, NOT Australia

Europe is a LARGER Continent then Australia. As a matter of FACT; Australia is the SMALLEST/RUNT Continent. And as large it may be, the size of your EGO makes it uncomfortably confining. But hey, that's only one of your many lies and deceptions. Let's talk about Mizraim, the Hebrew word for Egypt. You say it isn't. Where is your credentialed support for your ignorant nonsense?

http://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Mizraim.html

Meaning and etymology of the name Mizraim
Mizraim

Mizraim is a son of Ham, son of Noah (Genesis 12:10). This name is also the common name for Egypt (which is also known as 'the land of Ham,', for instance in Psalm 105:23).

Egypt was known by the names Musuru, Musru, Misir or Masri in other languages, and Mizraim is probably simply a phonetic transliteration into Hebrew of any of them. The word looks identical to what a dual form of would look like (see below). This duality possibly helped to denote Upper and Lower Egypt. The word for Egyptian is .

The similar (masor), a poetic nickname for Egypt that is used on three different occasions (Isaiah 19:6, 2 Kings 19:24 = Isaiah 37:25, Micah 7:12), may shed some understanding on how a Hebrew audience might have interpreted the name Mizraim.

The noun (masor) means siege, entrenchment, and it derives from the verb (sur), bind, besiege. Another derivation of this same verb is the noun , stronghold. HAW Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament notes that a stronghold or walled city may be an instrument of protection during the first stages of a war, but will turn into a lethal trap if a siege last long. A beautiful figurative use of this word occurs in Psalm 31:21, where the author compares himself under siege by his troubles.

The verb from which the noun derives, is part of a group of five different roots. These roots all have different linguistic sources but were perhaps readily incorporated into the Hebrew language due to similar or related meanings, more or less:
(swr) is the assumed root of the words (sawwar), neck and (sawwaron), necklace. The neck is simply a part of the body, but figuratively it is used as seat of strength (Job 39:19) and subsequently as target of defeat (by the placing of the victor's foot on the neck of the conquered - Joshua 10:24). The similarity between a necklace and a besieging army is obvious.
The verb (sur) means to bind or besiege; referred to above.
The verb (sur) means show hostility to, be an adversary. According to BDB Theological Dictionary and HAW Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament, this verb is probably a by-form of (sarar), see below.
The verb (sur) means to form or fashion. According to HAW Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament, this verb is possibly a by-form of (yasar), form or fashion.
The noun (sur) does not occur in the Bible, but is probably related to words in cognate languages that mean rock or hill. A derivative that does occur in the Bible is (sur), the common Biblical word for rock. BDB Theological Dictionary suggests relations with (sara), see below.

The words and are linguistically closely related. Their respective meanings also shows much kinship:
The verb (sarar) means to bind, be narrow/ confined, be in distress. Derivatives are: (sar), narrow, tight; (sar), distress; (sara), straights, distress; (sarar), suffer distress; (seror), bundle; (mesar), straights, distress. The latter word written in a dual form would yield the name , Mizraim. Jones' Dictionary of Old Testament Proper Names assumed that this is what Mizraim would have meant to a Hebrew audience and reads Double Distress.
The verb (sarar) means show hostility towards. Derivation (sar) means adversary.
The assumed root (srr) is unused in the Bible but in Arabic it means be sharp. Its common derivative is (sar), pebble, flint.

The name Mizraim means Double Distress or Double Stronghold.



Bible Dictionary

Mizraim definition


the dual form of matzor, meaning a "mound" or "fortress," the name of a people descended from Ham (Gen. 10:6, 13; 1 Chr. 1:8, 11). It was the name generally given by the Hebrews to the land of Egypt (q.v.), and may denote the two Egypts, the Upper and the Lower. The modern Arabic name for Egypt is Muzr.

Mizraim From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mizraim
Mizraim (Hebrew: מִצְרַיִם / מִצְרָיִם, Modern Mitzráyim Tiberian Miṣrāyim / Miṣráyim ; cf. Arabic مصر, Miṣr) is the Hebrew name for the land of Egypt, with the dual suffix -āyim, perhaps referring to the "two Egypts": Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt.

Ugaritic inscriptions refer to Egypt as Msrm, in the Amarna tablets it is called Misri, and Assyrian and Babylonian records called Egypt Musur and Musri. The Arabic word for Egypt is Misr (pronounced Masr in Egyptian colloquial Arabic), and Egypt's official name is Gumhuriyah Misr al-'Arabiyah (the Arab Republic of Egypt).

According to Genesis 10, Mizraim (a son of Ham) was the younger brother of Cush and elder brother of Phut and Canaan, whose families together made up the Hamite branch of Noah's descendants. Mizraim's sons were Ludim, Anamim, Lehabim, Naphtuhim, Pathrusim, Casluhim (out of whom came Philistim), and Caphtorim.[1]

According to Eusebius' Chronicon, Manetho had suggested that the great age of antiquity in which the later Egyptians boasted had actually preceded the flood, and that they were really descended from Mizraim, who settled there anew. A similar story is related by medieval Islamic historians such as Sibt ibn al-Jawzi, the Egyptian Ibn Abd-el-Hakem, and the Persians al-Tabari and Muhammad Khwandamir, stating that the pyramids, etc. had been built by the wicked races before the deluge, but that Noah's descendant Mizraim (Masar or Mesr) was entrusted with reoccupying the region afterward. The Islamic accounts also make Masar the son of a Bansar or Beisar and grandson of Ham, rather than a direct son of Ham, and add that he lived to the age of 700. Some scholars think it likely that Mizraim is a dual form of the word Misr meaning "land", and was translated literally into Ancient Egyptian as Ta-Wy (the Two Lands) by early pharaohs at Thebes, who later founded the Middle Kingdom.

But according to George Syncellus, the Book of Sothis, supposedly by Manetho, had identified Mizraim with the legendary first pharaoh Menes, said to have unified the Old Kingdom and built Memphis. Misraim also seems to correspond to Misor, said in Phoenician mythology to have been father of Taautus who was given Egypt, and later scholars noticed that this also recalls Menes, whose son or successor was said to be Athothis.

In Judaism, Mitzrayim has been connected with the word meitzar (מיצר), meaning "sea strait", possibly alluding to narrow gulfs from both sides of Sinai peninsula. It also can mean "boundaries, limits, restrictions" or "narrow place".[citation needed]

However, author David Rohl has suggested a different interpretation: "Amongst the followers of Meskiagkasher [Cush] was his younger 'brother' -- in his own right a strong and charismatic leader of men. He is the head of the falcon tribe -- the descendants of Horus the 'Far Distant'. The Bible calls this new Horus-king 'Mizraim' but this name is, in reality, no more than an epithet. It means 'follower of Asr' or 'Asar' (Arabic m-asr with the Egyptian preposition m 'from'). Mizraim is merely m-Izra with the majestic plural ending 'im'. Likewise, that other great Semitic-speaking people -- the Assyrians -- called the country of the pharaohs 'Musri' (m-Usri)." [2]

Genesis 10 - The Table of Nations
http://www.enduringword.com/commentaries/0110.htm
The tenth chapter of Genesis . . . stands absolutely alone in ancient literature, without a remote parallel, even among the Greeks, where we find the closest approach to a distribution of peoples in genealogical framework . . . The Table of Nations remains an astonishing accurate document. (William F. Albright, cited in Boice)

A. The descendants of Japheth.

1. (1) The three sons of Noah: Shem, Ham, and Japheth.

Now this is the genealogy of the sons of Noah: Shem, Ham, and Japheth. And sons were born to them after the flood.

2. (2) The sons of Japheth: Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech, and Tiras.

The sons of Japheth were Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech, and Tiras.

a. The sons of Japheth: He was the father of the Indo-European peoples, those stretching from India to the shores of Western Europe. They are each linked by linguistic similarities that often seem invisible to the layman but are much more obvious to the linguist.

b. Gomer: From this son of Japheth came the Germanic peoples, from whom came most of the original peoples of Western Europe. These include the original French, Spanish, and Celtic settlers.

c. Magog . . . Tubal, Meshech: These settled in the far north of Europe and became the Russian peoples.

d. Madai: From this son of Japheth came the ancient Medes and they populated what are now Iran and Iraq. The peoples of India also came from this branch of Japheth’s family.

e. Javan: From this son of Japheth came the ancient Greeks, whose sea-faring ways are described in Genesis 10:5.

3. (3) The sons of Gomer.

The sons of Gomer were Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah.

a. Ashkenaz: From this son of Gomer came the peoples who settled north of Judea into what we call the Fertile Crescent.

b. Togarmah: From this son of Gomer came the Armenians.

4. (4-5) The sons of Javan (the ancient Greeks).

The sons of Javan were Elishah, Tarshish, Kittim, and Dodanim. From these the coastland peoples of the Gentiles were separated into their lands, everyone according to his language, according to their families, into their nations.

a. The sons of Javan were: Geographic names that spring from these names in this chapter abound. Linguists have no trouble seeing the connection between Kittim and Cyprus, Rodanim and Rhodes, Gomer and Germany, Meschech and Moscow, Tubal and Tobolsk.

B. The descendants of Ham.

1. (6) The sons of Ham: Cush, Mizraim, Put, and Canaan.

The sons of Ham were Cush, Mizraim, Put, and Canaan.

a. Ham: The descendants of Ham are the peoples who populated Africa and the Far East.

b. Cush: Apparently, this family divided into two branches early. Some founded Babylon (notably, Nimrod) and others founded Ethiopia.

c. Mizraim: This is another way the Bible refers to Egypt. Put refers to Libya, the region of North Africa west of Egypt. Canaan refers to the peoples who originally settled the land we today think of as Israel and its surrounding regions.
2. (7-12) The sons of Cush.

The sons of Cush were Seba, Havilah, Sabtah, Raamah, and Sabtechah; and the sons of Raamah were Sheba and Dedan. Cush begot Nimrod; he began to be a mighty one on the earth. He was a mighty hunter before the Lord; therefore it is said, “Like Nimrod the mighty hunter before the Lord.” And the beginning of his kingdom was Babel, Erech, Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar. From that land he went to Assyria and built Nineveh, Rehoboth Ir, Calah, and Resen between Nineveh and Calah (that is the principal city).



a. Cush begot Nimrod: One son of Cush worthy of note is Nimrod. He was a mighty one on the earth, but not in a good way. He ruled over Babel, which was the first organized rebellion of humans against God. The name Nimrod itself means, “let us rebel.”



b. Like Nimrod the mighty hunter before the Lord: The context shows that this is not a compliment of Nimrod. The idea is that Nimrod was an offense before the face of God.



i. “This is not talking about Nimrod’s ability to hunt wild game. He was not a hunter of animals. He was a hunter of men - a warrior. It was through his ability to fight and kill and rule ruthlessly that his kingdom of the Euphrates valley city states was consolidated.” (Boice)



ii. A Jerusalem Targum says: “He was powerful in hunting and in wickedness before the Lord, for he was a hunter of the sons of men, and he said to them, ‘Depart from the judgment of the Lord, and adhere to the judgment of Nimrod!’ Therefore it is said: ‘As Nimrod the strong one, strong in hunting, and in wickedness before the Lord.’ ”



iii. Ginzberg quotes from a Jewish legend: “The great success that attended all of Nimrod’s undertakings produced a sinister effect. Men no longer trusted in God, but rather in their own prowess and ability, an attitude to which Nimrod tried to convert the whole world.”

iv. “Hence it is likely that Nimrod, having acquired power, used it in tyranny and oppression; and by rapine and violence founded the domination which was the first distinguished by the name of a kingdom on the face of the earth. How many kingdoms have been founded in the same way, in various ages and nations from that time to the present! From the Nimrods of the earth, God deliver the world!” (Clarke)

3. (13-14) The sons of Mizraim.

Mizraim begot Ludim, Anamim, Lehabim, Naphtuhim, Pathrusim, and Casluhim (from whom came the Philistines and Caphtorim).

4. (15-19) The sons of Canaan.

Canaan begot Sidon his firstborn, and Heth; the Jebusite, the Amorite, and the Girgashite; the Hivite, the Arkite, and the Sinite; the Arvadite, the Zemarite, and the Hamathite. Afterward the families of the Canaanites were dispersed. And the border of the Canaanites was from Sidon as you go toward Gerar, as far as Gaza; then as you go toward Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, and Zeboiim, as far as Lasha.

a. Canaan begot Sidon: The family of Sidon, the son of Canaan, went north and is related to the Hittites and Lebanese.

b. And the Sinite: Many people believe the Oriental peoples descended from the Sinites.

5. (20) The spread of the descendants of Ham.

These were the sons of Ham, according to their families, according to their languages, in their lands and in their nations.

C. The descendants of Shem.

1. (21-22) The sons of Shem: Elam, Asshur, Arphaxad, Lud, and Aram.

And children were born also to Shem, the father of all the children of Eber, the brother of Japheth the elder. The sons of Shem were Elam, Asshur, Arphaxad, Lud, and Aram.

a. Children were born also to Shem: From Shem comes Elam, who was an ancestor to the Persian peoples; Asshur, who was the father of the Assyrians; Lud was father to the Lydians who lived for a time in Asia Minor; and Aram was father to the Arameans, who we also know as the Syrians. Arphaxad was the ancestor to Abram and the Hebrews.

2. (23) The sons of Aram.

The sons of Aram were Uz, Hul, Gether, and Mash.

a. Uz: Later, a region in Arabia was named after this son of Aram.

Job came from the land of Uz (Job 1:1).

3. (24-30) The sons and descendants of Arphaxad.

Arphaxad begot Salah, and Salah begot Eber. To Eber were born two sons: the name of one was Peleg, for in his days the earth was divided; and his brother’s name was Joktan. Joktan begot Almodad, Sheleph, Hazarmaveth, Jerah, Hadoram, Uzal, Diklah, Obal, Abimael, Sheba, Ophir, Havilah, and Jobab. All these were the sons of Joktan. And their dwelling place was from Mesha as you go toward Sephar, the mountain of the east.

a. All these were the sons of Joktan: The names under the son of Joktan (son of Eber, son of Salah, son of Arphaxad) are all associated with various Arabic peoples.

b. And Jobab: The one named Jobab may be the one we know as Job in the Old Testament.

4. (31) The spread of the descendants of Shem.

These were the sons of Shem, according to their families, according to their languages, in their lands, according to their nations.
5. (32) Summary statement: the nations after the flood.

These were the families of the sons of Noah, according to their generations, in their nations; and from these the nations were divided on the earth after the flood.

a. “Hence one must consider this chapter of Genesis a mirror in which to discern that we human beings are, namely, creatures so marred by sin that we have no knowledge of our own origin, not even of God Himself, our Creator, unless the Word of God reveals these sparks of divine light to us from afar . . . This knowledge the Holy Scriptures reveal to us. Those who are without them live in error, uncertainty, and boundless ungodliness; for they have no knowledge about who they are and whence they came.” (Luther, cited in Boice)


MIZRAIM = EGYPT



You also deceive about the Replacement/Superssessionism Theology......This is Strike 3 and a few more to go.

http://www.biblestudyproject.org/israel3.1-replacement-theology-messianic.htm

The Truth

We believe Israel is God's special people, distinct from the body of Messiah, chosen by Him to be a holy nation and a Kingdom of priests. The election of Israel is irrevocable. . . . We believe the Abrahamic Covenant is an irrevocable, unconditional covenant God made with Jewish people. This covenant provides title to the land of Israel for the Jewish people and promises a descendant (the Messiah) who would come to redeem Israel and bless the entire world. The spiritual blessings of the Abrahamic Covenant overflow to all the nations. God will ultimately fulfill every aspect of the covenant in the Messianic Kingdom, both physical and spiritual. . . .

Your LIE!!!!!!!

A. SUPERSESSIONISM OR REPLACEMENT THEOLOGY

The meaning of this doctrine is that the church superseded or replaced Israel as God's covenant people. The three claims presented under this heading are:
1. God has rejected Israel,
2. the church has replaced Israel as God's covenant people, and
3. the church is therefore spiritual Israel.

If God has rejected Israel, then that clears the way for a replacement people; and if that people is the church, then the church may be considered spiritual Israel. It is also conceivable that some who believe that Israel is still God's covenant people would consider the church spiritual Israel because it is composed of people whose spirits have been regenerated by the Holy Spirit. We will now hold the light of Scripture to these claims and possibilities.

Paul follows his emphatic response with, for I too am an Israelite, a descendant of Abraham, of the tribe of Benjamin. . . . What is his point? If God had rejected Israel as His covenant people, then every Israelite would be disqualified from the possibility of being saved; yet he is an Israelite who is saved, and that proves that God has not rejected His people.

To sum up, we have noticed two proofs that God has not rejected Israel as His covenant people:
1. By the very meaning of May it never be! in the way that Paul used it in different contexts.
2. By the fact that Paul was a saved Israelite.

Nevertheless, we'll address several passages that need clarification.

b. Romans 11:1-5

1. I say then, God has not rejected His people, has He? May it never be! For I too am an Israelite, a descendant of Abraham, of the tribe of Benjamin. 2. God has not rejected His people whom He foreknew. Or do you not know what the Scripture says in the passage about Elijah, how he pleads with God against Israel? 3. "Lord, THEY HAVE KILLED YOUR PROPHETS, THEY HAVE TORN DOWN YOUR ALTARS, AND I ALONE AM LEFT, AND THEY ARE SEEKING MY LIFE." 4. But what is the divine response to him? "I HAVE KEPT for Myself SEVEN THOUSAND MEN WHO HAVE NOT BOWED THE KNEE TO BAAL." 5. In the same way then, there has also come to be at the present time a remnant according to God's gracious choice.

Replacement Theology

Its Origins, Teachings and Errors

By Dr. Gary Hedrick, President of CJF Ministries

(With Minor Editing By Rabbi Loren)
http://www.shema.com/Combating%20Replacement%20Theology/crt-004.php

http://www.therefinersfire.org/replacement_theology.htm

These are serious errors/deformations in your Theology and Worldview. What do you have to say for yourself. You gibber on and on about being persecuted yet you, yourself; are the persecuter. You lie about the Jews and their Sacred scriptures and you attempt to steal their identity and destiny, without being able to read/write Hebrew. Your ignorance and hubris is appalling Capiche?

el kabong wrote:God reigns as universal sovereign over the whole earth (e.g. 2 Ki. 19:15; Pss. 99, 145, etc.).

Nothing takes place beyond his providence or outside his control. The affairs of nations in history are under his universal reign—both in general terms (e.g. Pr. 21:1) and specifically as they relate to his own people, whether God uses other nations in punishment on Israel (e.g. Is. 8:6ff.; 10:5ff.) or for their deliverance (e.g. Is. 45).

But secondly, God’s reign over and among his people Israel is of a different dimension inasmuch as it is a kingship acknowledged in covenant obedience and
based on specific historical acts of redemption, through which Yahweh is known as Lord and sovereign. Then thirdly, there is the eschatological hope of the world-wide extension of this acknowledged reign of God so that eventually ‘all nations acknowledge his saving power’ (cf. Ps.
67).

To worship Yahweh, to be an Israelite, meant ... to practise a specific way of life in
separation from and in overt opposition to time-honoured established ways of life regarded
throughout the ancient Near East as inevitable if not totally desirable.15

The whole OT (and the NT as well) is filled with descriptions of how Yahweh-Adonai, the covenant God of Israel, is waging war against those forces which try to thwart and subvert his plans for his creation. He battles against those false gods which human beings have fashioned from the created world, idolized, and used for their own purpose ... the Baals and the Ashteroth,
whose worshippers elevated nature, the tribe, the state and the nation to a divine status. God
fights against magic and idolatry which, according to Deuteronomy, bend the line between God
and his creation. He contends against every form of social injustice and pulls off every cloak
under which it seeks to hide.18

le sabrage wrote:

el kabong wrote:The Real Zion and Real Mizraim

As anyone following this debate will be aware that Lilly has a deformed and corrupt Theology, she distorts Scripture to foster hatred for Jews by claiming the Jews of Israel are 'Fakes' and that Australia is the real Promised Land of Zion.

She is also anti-Torah/Instruction which makes he anti-God and Anti-Messiah. This Thread will provide the true/actual meanings of Biblical Words & Doctrines so that readers may not be deceived and misled.



Question: What is Zionism? What does this have to do with Kabbalah and Bnei Baruch?

My Answer: “Kabbalah is the method of revealing the Creator to man in this world” (Baal HaSulam, article “The Essence of the Wisdom of Kabbalah”). Zionism is a social movement in favor of returning to Zion (Israel). The Kabbalistic definition is as follows: the Land of Israel is also called “Zion,” from the word Yetzia – “exit” in Hebrew. Any person who exits the limits of our egoistic world and enters the Upper, Altruistic World, enters “Zion.” Mi Tzion Tize Tora (the Torah will come from Zion), means that when a person exits his egoistic state, he comes to the Light.

you claim your a 'prophet of god' yet all you do is lie and twist and deform ther Holy Scriptures.....................

le sabrage wrote:Yahshua's Kabbalah

http://rabdavis.org/yahshuas%20%20kabbalah.htm

Mark 9: 1 “Yes!” he went on, “I tell you that there are some people standing here who will not experience death until they see the Kingdom Of G-d come in a powerful way!” 2 Six days later, Yahshua took Kefa, Ya‘akov and Yochanan and led them up a high mountain privately. As they watched, he began to change form, 3 and his clothes became dazzlingly white, whiter than anyone in the world could possibly bleach them. 4 Then they saw Eliyahu and Moshe speaking with Yahshua. 5 Kefa said to Yahshua, “It’s good that we’re here, Rabbi! Let’s put up three shelters—one for you, one for Moshe and one for Eliyahu.” 6 (He didn’t know what to say, they were so frightened.) 7 Then a cloud enveloped them; and a voice came out of the cloud, “This is my Son, whom I love. Listen to him!” 8 Suddenly, when they looked around, they no longer saw anyone with them except Yahshua. (Jewish NT)



Those of you who are attending kabbalah class know that Jewish Mysticism, which is known today as Kabbalah is the private instruction of a rabbi to his Talmidim as opposed to Mishnah, which denoted a rabbis' public ministry that his Talmidim were to pass on.



In the foregoing passage, we have the culmination of the Kabbalah of Yahshua and he warns His disciples not to reveal the vision of the Transfiguration until after He is resurrected.



Sha'ul also wrote of Kabbalah when he spoke of the transmigration of his soul in 2 Cor. 12:2-4.



Kabbalah also informs of a technique allowing one to enter into "Paradise," the eternal Garden of Eden adjacent to the Chariot-Throne that is fraught with danger.



In general Kabbalah is about our cleaving to G-d and approaching His Throne. Elijah, Ezekiel, Yahshua and Sha'ul all seem to have been familiar with kabbalistic techniques.

In the reading of the Transfiguration (Matthew 16:28-17:13; Mark 9:1-13; Luke 9:27-36) we have a glimpse into Yahshua's kabbalah. We see Yahshua taking three of His Disciples - Peter, James, and John climbing above the villages, up the slopes of Mount Hermon or Mount Lebanon as Josephus called it in his Antiquities to an ancient site of worship.



On mount Hermon Yahshua here followed the example of Moshe who took three of his followers Aaron, Nadab, and Abihu up Mount Sinai where they ate and drank to celebrate the vision of the G-d of Israel on His sapphire throne (Ex. 24:1-11). But unlike what happened on Moshe's mountain, Yahshua's disciples, covered by a cloud of glory, heard a voice say, " This is my son, the beloved, in whom I take pleasure: hear Him (Matthew 9: and when the cloud passed they found Yahshua without Moshe and Elijah (Mark 9: standing alone as G-d's son. "Divine son" was the same designation Yahshua had heard during His immersion with John the Baptist: now his own disciples saw and heard the truth of Yahshua's own vision. We should note that the Transfiguration does not speak in the later exclusive language of the Christian Trinity that makes Yahshua into the only possible son of G-d. Here we perceive that the same spirit that had animated Elijah and Moshe was present in Yahshua and this spirit could make of whomever it wishes sons of G-d.



In the middle of the vision and hearing the divine voice Kefa (Peter) offers to build three huts (Sukkoth) for Yahshua, Moshe and Eliyahu. In Marks' gospel we see this presented as an inept suggestion born out of fear (Mark 9:5-6).



A better translation of verse 6 would be that "For he (Peter) did not know how he should respond, because they were terrified" inferring that Peter's suggestion was an inane remark because of a loss for words.



Frequently, during the formation of the Gospels and their many redactions the significance of Judaic symbolism was forgotten and blame fell on the alleged ignorance of the apostles, rather than the amnesia and ignorance of the Church. In this case the Sukkot Kefa refers to reflect both the great feast that was coming and the realization that great prophets like Moshe, Eliyahu, and Yahshua brought the Spirit of G-d to abide in Israel. Sukkot or booths symbolizes the providence of G-d in His provision for us. Kefa's appreciation of the experience he had witnessed and his desire to build shelters is an indication that he, James and John had indeed joined Yahshua in the vision of the Chariot first reported in the translation of Eliyahu as witnessed by Elisha in, 2 Kings 2:11 and later Ezekiel's Chariot-Throne in his book.



The Mishnah in Chagigah 2:1 teaches that the Chariot called Merkavah in Hebrew should not be introduced to one person alone because the vision of the divine Throne was laden with danger. Some initiates died, some went mad, and still others fell prey to polytheism, by meditating on the Throne imprudently, and it was His genius as a rabbi that Yahshua led his disciples into a vision of the Chariot in a way that mobilized and safely transformed them.



The Transfiguration represents the mature development of Rabbi Yahshua's kabbalah as a man, tempted, in all the ways of humanity, for He was not only able to translate his own vision, but to initiate others into its richness. They now saw Him as a living presence in the pantheon of Israel's patriarchs and prophets around G-d's throne. Their rabbi, favored by the thundering voice of G-d (John 12:28, 29), stood at the vortex of creation's source. Yahshua had given to them and gives to us, no matter the cost in hardships, deprivation and struggles the reward of intimacy with the divine presence.



Yahshua's esoteric teaching as evidenced by the Scriptures had grown in advance of His public teaching, and that is a reversal of the pattern we would expect from the Mishnah and the Talmud. Kabbalah had an early prominent place in His teaching. Through the Transfiguration we see that G-d has exalted His son and this revealing of Yahshua's entrance into the heavenly court forever more became a defining force in our consciousness of G-d in our culture.



The vision on Mount Hermon had shown that Yahshua was G-d's son and this exerted a powerful temptation onto His disciples. They would counsel: Who would deny such a man the power to rule as the King of Israel? Yahshua to was susceptible to the same temptation. Yet, Yahshua who is the faithful son of G-d and being pressed by HaSatan day and night to being disloyal to G-d resisted it, and "The Lord's Prayer" was completed in the dark night of what has become known as the Temptation:



My Father,

Your name will be sanctified, your Kingdom will come: Give me today the bread that is coming, and release me my debts-not bring me to the test!



The disciples as were the people of Israel confused G-d's Kingdom with their own national power, especially as Yahshua initiated then into the variations of His Kabbalah after the vision on Mt. Hermon.



Yahshua had healed the sick, raised the dead, stilled storms, walked on water and ultimately had appeared on Mt. Hermon with Eliyahu and Moshe. Why should He not break the rule of Rome?



His disciples even argued among themselves as to who should be the greatest next to Yahshua in the coming Kingdom on earth. Yahshua had to define His movement for by force they might make Him King.



In the Targum of Zechariah, chapter 14 communicates Yahshua's mission and focus to Him. It provided the formula and ritual program, and the key that would unlock the magic door through which the transformation of the Kingdom of G-d would flow. The Targum predicts that G-d's Kingdom will be manifested over the entire earth when the offerings of Sukkoth are presented both by Israelites and Gentiles at the Temple. It further predicts that these worshippers will prepare and offer their sacrifices themselves, in the Galilean manner without the intervention of middlemen. Significantly, the last words of the book promise that, "there shall never again be a trader in the sanctuary of the Lord of Hosts at that time" (Zachariah 14:21). Yahshua's desire to realize the Targum prophecy brought on the dramatic confrontation that he would shortly provoke in the Temple. Zechariah's vision of the ultimate Sukkoth restored the land to Israel and the Temple to the sacrifice G-d desired, The Romans would be banished, and Zion's gate opened to all who would join with Israel there in worship (Targum Zechariah 14:9). Most Christians do not know that during the millennium there will be a return to animal sacrifice in the Temple. Zechariah 14 vv.16-21, 'And it shall come to pass that everyone that is left of all the nations which came against Jerusalem shall even go up from year to year to worship the king, the Lord of Hosts, and to keep the feast of the tabernacles... Yea every pot in Jerusalem and in Judah shall be holiness unto the Lord of Hosts; and all that sacrifice shall come and take of them, and seethe therein; and in that day shall be no more the Canaanite in the house of the Lord of Hosts'. And again perhaps the clearest and most detailed references to the same are in the closing chapters of Ezekiel. The seven chapters Ezekiel 40-46 - give us a description of the millennial temple with its dimensions and its practices, including the sacrifices and offerings, which will take place.



All Yahshua's actions were informed by Judaism and the tenets of its faith, and that is lost or even considered anathema to most professed believers, because they have been taught, erroneously, that His advent signaled a new path to redemption, a path that leads to Hellenistic Christianity, and it's opposition to Judaism. Yet, any unbiased, informed believer can realize through Yahshua's kabbalah and His mission that He was not only our paschal lamb to provide reconciliation unto HaShem, but he was also to usher in the Future Kingdom of G-d, established within the framework and parameters of a Messianic Judaism that upholds the practice of Torah. And not through another religion that has lost its Jewish roots, namely Christianity.

Amein

el kabong wrote:Here's an example right here in this Thread. What was it? invisible..............answer my Counter-argument you wench...................

el kabong wrote:

el kabong wrote:


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tw7guzT6ANI&feature=fvst







git yer groove on!




.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tYlDltwm-JY

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9FBKa-bCasY








https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sp3af4ZJS4w






https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qMniyUyqN_E







https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COiIC3A0ROM

true lilly wrote:

and that was only a tiny sample of the countless examples
of why the wise, keep, The First Commandment, First and Last

hey suzi/not so tru lilly, I see you've made a new fan/reader.

what you know about YHWHs Commandments you could fit in a thimble and have lots of room left over. Your new fan says it well.

Your dog don't hunt. never did. never will.

One effect of an Alphabetic based Monotheism is the brain is using a new abstract, linear, sequential, and reductionist means of communication which moves people who learn it and use it into a Left Brain, Masculine Mode, rather then the usual Pictographic, Feminine Right Brain Mode.

The Aleph/Alphabet subliminally coaxes users to be intolerent of other Iconic Systems of Beliefs.

This is illuminated in the Ten Commandments.
As stated before, Judaism is the first religion to be based upon universal literacy, the written word.

When Moses came down from his meet and greet with YHWH on the mountain, the multitude had fashioned an Idol/Golden Calf, this dicombobulated Moses so much he dropped the two stone Tablets Yahweh had written the ten commandments.


Allegorically: In the first confrontation between Ihage and Written Word, both were destroyed.

As the story goes, Moses returned to the Mountain Top and Yahweh provided him with another set. Yahweh also taught Moses the Alephbet.

The 10 Commandments; The first four Commandments are for the Recognition and service/Worship of Yahweh, the remaining six focus on our fellow humans, loving and serving them.

The Commandment to Honour Both Father and Mother elevates and recognizes the importance and status of Women in the Family Group.

Loving your neighbour is not one of the Ten but appears in the Torah/Instruction, Leviticus 19:18.
The last six commandments are not unusual, and found in other Codexes of Laws, The First four Commandments are Unique.
Each one of the four encourages Alphabetic Literacy by rejecting the Right Brains way of 'knowing'.

One effect of a new, abstract, linear, sequential and reductionist means of communication moves people who learn it into a Left Brain, Masculine Mode.

Social Engineering.

The 10 Commandments: The First four concern Recognition/Respect and Service/Worship of Yahweh.

The remaining six are love and respect of fellow humans.

The Ethics they embody are more sophisticated then other contemporary ANE Cultures.

The commandment to honour BOTH Father and Mother signifies the womens important role and in the Family Unit.

Loving Neighbours is in the General Torah/Instruction: Leviticus 19:18

The last six commandments are not unusual, the first four commandments are unique. Each of the first four encourage Alphabetic literacy by rejecting the right brains way of knowing.

The First Commandment:

20:2 I am Yahweh thy Elohim, which have brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage.

20:3 Thou shalt have no other elohim before me.

In one fell swoop subserviates all other elohim/gods & goddesses.

Nothing personal, it was business.

The Meta-Message of the First Commandment is that Yahweh is the Master of the Universe, He is self-existant, and all other elohim/gods & goddesses are created beings, subserviant to Him. Psalm 82

Psalm 82

82:1 Yahweh standeth in the congregation of El; he judgeth among the elohim.

82:2 How long will ye judge unjustly, and accept the persons of the wicked? Selah.

82:3 Defend the poor and fatherless: do justice to the afflicted and needy.

82:4 Deliver the poor and needy: rid them out of the hand of the wicked.

82:5 They know not, neither will they understand; they walk on in darkness: all the foundations of the earth are out of course.

82:6 I have said, Ye are elohim; and all of you are children of the most High.

82:7 But ye shall die like men, and fall like one of the princes.

82:8 Arise, O Yahweh, judge the earth: for thou shalt inherit all nations.

All of Yahwehs Titles are masculine.

The First Commandment is a radical break with the Hebrews past environment. Moses and the Hebrews had left Egypt which was Polytheistic, alot of gods and goddesses worship.

Yahweh declares there is no worship of other gods or goddesses. Full Stop.

Perhaps the most radical sentence ever written.

The Second Commandment:

20:4 Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth:

20:5 Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them: for I; Yahweh thy Elohim am a jealous Elohim, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me;

20:6 And shewing mercy unto thousands of them that love me, and keep my commandments.

No Graven Images, Icons or Idols, Statues.

Learning to think without Images is indispensable to Alphabetic Literacy. The Power formerly rendered to Images/Pictures is now transferred to the written word.

Make no Graven Images is a ban/restraint on Right Brain Pattern Recognition.

The Third Commandment:

20:7 Thou shalt not take the name of Yahweh thy Elohim in vain; for Yahweh will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain.

Do not use Yahwehs Name vainly, with Malintent. Again; Left Brain.

Yahwehs first instruction to adam isto Name all the critters. Through Naming, Adam attains dominion over all the Earth. Naming confers meaning and order, moving Life from Chaos to Order.

To Name is to know, to know is to control. Order out of Chaos.

The Fourth Commandment:

20:8 Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy.

20:9 Six days shalt thou labour, and do all thy work:

20:10 But the seventh day is the Sabbath of thy Elohim: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates:

20:11 For in six days made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day: wherefore blessed the Sabbath day, and hallowed it.

Seven Days are not a Natural Break Point in any of Earths Major Natural Rhythmic Cycles-Lunar-Solar, except the Quarter Moon.

This facilitates the learning of Aritmatic.

Leviticus 25:3-10 is about the Jubilee Years, the 50th,

No other ANE culture at that time had instructed the general population to compute complex time periods, this had formerly been the domain of the Priestly Castes.

The Time Commandment lays the foundation for the concept of Justice, a well developed sense of Linear Time is necessary to conceive of Punishment delayed and Rewards postponed.

Non-Literate Cultures are not as pre-occupied with the notion/concept of Justice as the Literate, because they do not conceive of time only as linear.

Non-Literated peeps tend to think of death as a passage to another World, not as a Day in Court.

Alphabets stretch out the sense of Time and make possible the awareness of the possibility of a retribution Time in the distant future.

A Judgements day only occurs in Literate Cultures.

Alphabet Literate Cultures became aware of writing History in a Linear, Chronological sequencing of Events.

The fourth Commandments Mechanical/Sociological ramifications is instructing people to be aware of Passing Time.

This was the advent of the seven day week, and a day off every week.

A day off for ALL Humans, Free and Bond, and ALL Beasts of Burden and the Farmland every seven years isto lay fallow to rejuvinate the enzymes in the ground.

This led to Sundials, waterclocks, Pendulums, Escape Mechanisms, Cogs, Gears, Calenders.

Time is a key function of the Left Brain.

Each of the First Four Commandments trains people in the ability to: Think Abstractly, linearly and sequentially.

Collectively, they produce a Mindset that enhances the use and facility of Alphabetic Literacy.

This Technology welded the small group into a cohesive and coherent Nation/Culture.

Do you realise how you contradict yourself? The First Commandment is a pillar of the Torah/Instruction (which you insult and falsly declare was 'done away with') of YHWH Elohim, and it declares that the Hebrews were in Egypt/Mizraim, which you deny.

Torah means Instruction. YHWH Elohim has provided aLL humankind with His Instruction, who are you to say otherwise?

A lying, false prophet.

You are really a mental case like Billy Rueben has documented.

el kabong wrote:fuk suzis aka tru lillys complaints about Kity Kat Posts.

Suzi, aka tru lilly, listen to this hooman









































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true lilly wrote:

le sabrage wrote:
May this House be built quickly in our time. Amen.

SEE, another sly admission that
'They' The King of The NORTH,
and his followers,
MEAN TO TAKE AUSTRALIA
FOR 'THEM'................... ..............................

Daniel 11 fits the history of the Seleucids and Ptolemies like a pair of tailor-made gloves." The vision in Daniel 11:2-35 is set in the third year of the Persian King Cyrus the Great (ca. 536 B.C.). The Greek conqueror Alexander the Great is briefly mentioned in Daniel 11:2 as a "warrior king," and the fourfold division of his empire is referred to in Daniel 11:3. Daniel 11:5-20 describes the wars between the Ptolemiac and Seleucid Empires. Daniel 11:21-35 is devoted to Antiochus Epiphanes, his rise to power, attacks on Egypt, and subsequent persecution of the Jews.

The Table of Nations in
Genesis 10--Its Content
Allen P. RossThe previous article in this series dealt with the structure of
the Table of Nations in Genesis 10.1 The deliberate design in its
construction, symmetry, and unity were examined in an effort to
understand its purpose as a tOdl;OT. But in addition to the evi-
deuce from its structure, there is a wealth of information about
the nations of the world that is important for the complete under-
standing of this chapter within the message of Genesis.
The Analysis of the Passage
The heading of the chapter (Gen. 10:1) declares that this is
the record of the particulars of what became of Shem, Ham, and
Japheth after the Flood. The verse serves not only as a heading for
the Table, but also as a literary connection back to Genesis 9:18
and 28. It is to be read with the oracle of Noah in mind!....................The sons of Japheth are seven. Gomer, mentioned also in
Ezekiel 38:6, represents the Cimmerians, thought to be of the
same stock as the Scythians.5 Magog is also mentioned in Ezekiel
(38:2 and 39:6) as the land of Gog, the region between Armenia
and Cappadocia; the name seems to represent the Scythian
hordes southeast of the Black Sea.6

THE SONS OF HAM (10:6-20)
More attention is given to the line of Ham than to that of
Japheth or Shem. Ham's line has four branches: Cush, Mizraim,
Put, and Canaan. All four are probably place names for Nubia-
Egypt, Upper and Lower Egypt, Libya, and Phoenicia-Palestine
respectively. In addition, the descendants of these four are both
places and tribes.
Ham is the ancestor of all these people from Phoenicia to
Africa. The etymology of the word Ham is disputed,18 but it is
used to depict countries in close proximity to Egypt.
Cush is the "eldest son" according to the plan of the Table. In
antiquity this was an independent kingdom on the southern
flank of Egypt; and especially during the reign of Kamose it
served as the backbone of the Egyptian army, helping to expel the
Asiatics (Hyksos).19 So the list begins in the far south with the
African tribes known to the Greeks as Ethiopians.
Mizraim lies to the north of Cush. The word occurs almost
ninety times in the Old Testament for Egypt.